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Departments of Epidemiology [P. A. v. d. B., E. D., F. S.] and Medical Statistics [A. V.], University of Limburg, Maastricht, and Department of Nutrition, TNO-Toxicology and Nutrition Institute, Zeist [P. v. t. V., R. A. G., R. J. J. H.], the Netherlands
In 1986 a prospective cohort study on diet and cancer was started in the Netherlands among 62,573 women ages 55–69 years. Baseline information on diet and other risk factors was collected with a questionnaire. Cancer incidence was measured by record linkage with cancer registries and a pathology register. A case-cohort approach was used, in which the accumulated person time in the cohort was estimated by follow-up of a randomly selected subcohort (n = 1812). After 3.3 years of follow-up, 471 incident breast cancer cases were available for analysis. Questionnaire data for these cases and the 1716 female subcohort members without a history of cancer other than skin cancer were analyzed. In a multivariate analysis, controlling for traditional risk factors, the relative rates for breast cancer in increasing quintiles of energy-adjusted total fat intake were 1.00, 1.00, 1.34, 1.22, 1.08 (P-trend, 0.32). For saturated fat there was some evidence for a weak positive association when quintiles were used (relative rates in quintiles 1–5, 1.00, 1.22, 1.22, 1.38, 1.39; P-trend, 0.049). The 95% confidence interval (CI) for the top quintile was 0.94–2.06, however; and when saturated fat was used as a continuous variable, the effect was no longer significant (P = 0.20). Relative rate estimates for the highest versus lowest quintiles of monounsaturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, and cholesterol intake were 0.75 (95% CI, 0.50–1.12), 0.95 (95% CI, 0.64–1.40) and 1.09 (95% CI, 0.74–1.61), respectively, with no evidence for significant trends. This prospective study does not support a major role of dietary fat in the etiology of postmenopausal breast cancer.
1 Supported by the Dutch Cancer Society and the Ministry of Welfare, Public Health and Cultural Affairs.
2 To whom requests for reprints should be addressed, at Department of Epidemiology, University of Limburg, P. O. Box 616, NL-6200 MD Maastricht, the Netherlands.
Received 7/29/92. Accepted 10/21/92.
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