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Detection of Micrometastatic Prostate Cancer Cells in Lymph Nodes by Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction¹

Departments of Urology [T. D., H. E., Y. K.] and Pathology [K. S., T. T.], Gifu University School of Medicine, 40 Tsukasa-Machi, and Departments of Urology [T. D., S. I., Y. T.] and Pathology [H. K.], Gifu City Hospital, and Department of Urology, Gifu Red-Cross Hospital [Y. N., S. F.], Gifu City, Gifu 500, and Department of Urology, Daiyukai-Daiichi Hospital, Ichinomiya, Aichi 491 [T. K., H. K., M. H.], Japan

We have developed a highly sensitive method for detecting prostate cancer cells using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with primers specific for prostate-specific antigen gene. Forty-four lymph nodes obtained from 22 patients with prostate cancers were analyzed by RT-PCR to detect metastatic prostate cancer cells. RT-PCR could detect prostate-specific antigen mRNA in five lymph nodes with histologically and/or immunohistochemically identifiable metastases and in four lymph nodes with negative histological and immunohistochemical analyses for metastases. RT-PCR was a more sensitive method than histology and immunohistochemistry in detecting metastatic prostate cancer cells and could be applied for diagnosing micrometastases of prostate cancer to lymph nodes. This highly sensitive RT-PCR will be a relevant tool to allow a more accurate clinical assessment of lymph node metastases of prostate cancer and to understand lymphatic dissemination of prostate cancer biologically.

¹ Supported in part by the Suzuki Foundation for Urological Medicine, Japan.

² To whom requests for reprints should be addressed.

Received 9/16/93. Accepted 10/ 4/93.

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