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Protective Effects of Recombinant Human Interleukin-1 in Doxorubicin-treated Normal and Tumor-bearing Mice

Departments of Immunology [D. H. L., R. E. M.], Biometrics [A. S. R.], and Experimental Hematology [D. E. W.], Immunex Research and Development Corporation, Seattle, Washington 98101

Experiments were performed to determine whether treatment with recombinant human IL-1 (rhuIL-1) would protect C3H mice from the toxic effects of the widely used chemotherapeutic agent, doxorubicin (DXR). Pretreatment of mice with rhuIL-1 was found to protect 85–90% of mice tested from the acute toxic effects of a lethal dose of doxorubicin (25 mg/kg). Late deaths (>20 days post-DXR) were observed in a substantial proportion (40–45%) of rhuIL-1-pretreated mice. However, the data clearly demonstrate a beneficial effect of rhuIL-1 pretreatment on the overall survival of mice challenged with DXR, since both the median survival (32 days) and proportion (53%) of surviving mice were significantly increased (P < 0.0001) compared to the control group (8 days and 14%, respectively). The beneficial effects mediated by rhuIL-1 treatment were both dose- and schedule-dependent and were associated with decreases in the level and duration of DXR-induced neutropenia, and amelioration of the suppressive effects of DXR on myeloid progenitor cells (granulocyte/monocyte colony forming units) as evidenced by milder depressions in marrow cellularity and enhanced recovery of granulocyte/monocyte colony forming unit activity. Finally, pretreatment of mice bearing a solid tumor with rhuIL-1 permitted effective dose escalation with DXR that resulted in decreased tumor growth rates and increased survival (90%) as compared to non-rhuIL-1-treated groups (20% survival). Thus, effective chemotherapeutic dose escalation is made feasible by rhuIL-1 pretreatment of mice, but may ultimately be limited by nonhematological toxicities associated with DXR.

¹ To whom requests for reprints should be addressed, at Immunex Research and Development Corp., 51 University Street, Seattle, WA 98101.

Received 8/24/92. Accepted 1/20/93.

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