| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0586, and the Gastroenterology Section, VA Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105-2399 [M. K., D. P. C., S. P. C., J. M. C., C. R. B.], and Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709 [A. U., T. A. K.]
The human colon tumor cell line HCT 116 is known to have a homozygous mutation in the mismatch repair gene hMLH1 on human chromosome 3, to exhibit microsatellite instability, and to be defective in mismatch repair. In order to determine whether the introduction of a normal copy of hMLH1 gene restores mismatch repair activity and corrects microsatellite instability, a single human chromosome 3 from normal fibroblasts was transferred to HCT 116 cells via microcell fusion. As a control, human chromosome 2 was also transferred to HCT 116 cells. Two HCT 116 microcell hybrid clones that received a single copy of chromosome 2 (HCT 116+ch2) and two that received a single copy of chromosome 3 (HCT 116+ch3) were isolated and characterized. A G-G mismatch in M13-derived heteroduplex DNA was efficiently repaired in cell extracts from HCT 116+ch3 cells, but not in those of parent HCT 116 cells or HCT 116+ch2 cells. Microsatellite alterations at the D5S107 locus containing CA repeats were seen in 8 of 80 subclones from HCT 116 cells, and in 13 of 150 subclones from HCT 116+ch2 cells. In contrast, none of the 225 subclones derived from mismatch repair-proficient HCT 116+ch3 cells showed alterations in the microsatellite at the same locus. The effect of introducing chromosome 3 on the sensitivity of HCT 116 cells to N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) was examined, since enhanced tolerance to MNNG is accompanied by loss of mismatch repair activity in several cell lines. Within 3 days after treatment with 5 µM MNNG, HCT 116+ch3 cells became morphologically flat and stopped growing. Their colony-forming ability, determined 10 days after treatment, was reduced 200-fold when compared to MNNG-treated parental HCT 116 and HCT 116+ch2 cells. These results support the hypothesis that mutations in both alleles of the hMLH1 gene are necessary for the manifestation of defective mismatch repair and microsatellite instability and for enhanced MNNG tolerance. The results also suggest that the mismatch repair system contributes to the process that causes growth arrest in response to DNA damage by alkylating agents.
1 This work was partly supported by NIH Grant CA39233, Gastrointestinal Hormone Research Core Center P30 DK34933, the University of Michigan Cancer Center CA46592-06, and the Johnson Family Fund.
2 To whom requests for reprints should be addressed.
Received 6/24/94. Accepted 7/12/94.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  R. Rodriguez, L. T. Hansen, G. Phear, J. Scorah, M. Spang-Thomsen, A. Cox, T. Helleday, and M. Meuth Thymidine Selectively Enhances Growth Suppressive Effects of Camptothecin/Irinotecan in MSI+ Cells and Tumors Containing a Mutation of MRE11 Clin. Cancer Res., September 1, 2008; 14(17): 5476 - 5483. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Shia Immunohistochemistry versus Microsatellite Instability Testing For Screening Colorectal Cancer Patients at Risk For Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer Syndrome: Part I. The Utility of Immunohistochemistry J. Mol. Diagn., July 1, 2008; 10(4): 293 - 300. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Caporali, L. Levati, G. Starace, G. Ragone, E. Bonmassar, E. Alvino, and S. D'Atri AKT Is Activated in an Ataxia-Telangiectasia and Rad3-Related-Dependent Manner in Response to Temozolomide and Confers Protection against Drug-Induced Cell Growth Inhibition Mol. Pharmacol., July 1, 2008; 74(1): 173 - 183. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C Campregher, M G Luciani, and C Gasche Activated neutrophils induce an hMSH2-dependent G2/M checkpoint arrest and replication errors at a (CA)13-repeat in colon epithelial cells Gut, June 1, 2008; 57(6): 780 - 787. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Wang, X. Liu, A. Matsuda, and W. Plunkett Repair of 2'-C-Cyano-2'-Deoxy-1-{beta}-D-arabino-Pentofuranosylcytosine-Induced DNA Single-Strand Breaks by Transcription-Coupled Nucleotide Excision Repair Cancer Res., May 15, 2008; 68(10): 3881 - 3889. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Q. Yang, R. Zhang, I. Horikawa, K. Fujita, Y. Afshar, A. Kokko, P. Laiho, L. A. Aaltonen, and C. C. Harris Functional Diversity of Human Protection of Telomeres 1 Isoforms in Telomere Protection and Cellular Senescence Cancer Res., December 15, 2007; 67(24): 11677 - 11686. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. A. McIlhatton, J. Tyler, S. Burkholder, J. Ruschoff, B. Rigas, L. Kopelovich, and R. Fishel Nitric Oxide Donating Aspirin Derivatives Suppress Microsatellite Instability in Mismatch Repair Deficient and Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer Cells Cancer Res., November 15, 2007; 67(22): 10966 - 10975. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W.-J. Kim, B. Rajasekaran, and K. D. Brown MLH1- and ATM-dependent MAPK Signaling Is Activated through c-Abl in Response to the Alkylator N-Methyl-N'-nitro-N'-nitrosoguanidine J. Biol. Chem., November 2, 2007; 282(44): 32021 - 32031. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Saletta, G. Matullo, M. Manuguerra, S. Arena, A. Bardelli, and P. Vineis Exposure to the Tobacco Smoke Constituent 4-Aminobiphenyl Induces Chromosomal Instability in Human Cancer Cells Cancer Res., August 1, 2007; 67(15): 7088 - 7094. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Yamini, X. Yu, M. E. Dolan, M. H. Wu, D. W. Kufe, and R. R. Weichselbaum Inhibition of Nuclear Factor-{kappa}B Activity by Temozolomide Involves O6-Methylguanine Induced Inhibition of p65 DNA Binding Cancer Res., July 15, 2007; 67(14): 6889 - 6898. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. R. Hart, O. Glebov, R. J. Ernst, I. R. Kirsch, and J. K. Barton DNA mismatch-specific targeting and hypersensitivity of mismatch-repair-deficient cells to bulky rhodium(III) intercalators PNAS, October 17, 2006; 103(42): 15359 - 15363. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Dellaire, R. W. Ching, K. Ahmed, F. Jalali, K. C.K. Tse, R. G. Bristow, and D. P. Bazett-Jones Promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies behave as DNA damage sensors whose response to DNA double-strand breaks is regulated by NBS1 and the kinases ATM, Chk2, and ATR J. Cell Biol., October 9, 2006; 175(1): 55 - 66. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. F. Blasi, I. Ventura, G. Aquilina, P. Degan, L. Bertario, C. Bassi, P. Radice, and M. Bignami A Human Cell-Based Assay to Evaluate the Effects of Alterations in the MLH1 Mismatch Repair Gene. Cancer Res., September 15, 2006; 66(18): 9036 - 9044. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Tentori, C. Leonetti, M. Scarsella, A. Muzi, E. Mazzon, M. Vergati, O. Forini, R. Lapidus, W. Xu, A. S. Dorio, et al. Inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase prevents irinotecan-induced intestinal damage and enhances irinotecan/temozolomide efficacy against colon carcinoma FASEB J, August 1, 2006; 20(10): 1709 - 1711. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. E. Beck, B. H. Jung, A. Fiorino, J. Gomez, E. D. Rosario, B. L. Cabrera, S. C. Huang, J. Y. C. Chow, and J. M. Carethers Bone morphogenetic protein signaling and growth suppression in colon cancer. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, July 1, 2006; 291(1): G135 - G145. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 X. Lin and S. B. Howell DNA mismatch repair and p53 function are major determinants of the rate of development of cisplatin resistance Mol. Cancer Ther., May 1, 2006; 5(5): 1239 - 1247. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. A. Sinicrope, R. L. Rego, K. C. Halling, N. R. Foster, D. J. Sargent, B. La Plant, A. J. French, C. J. Allegra, J. A. Laurie, R. M. Goldberg, et al. Thymidylate synthase expression in colon carcinomas with microsatellite instability. Clin. Cancer Res., May 1, 2006; 12(9): 2738 - 2744. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 V. O'Brien and R. Brown Signalling cell cycle arrest and cell death through the MMR System Carcinogenesis, April 1, 2006; 27(4): 682 - 692. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
X. Lin, J. Trang, T. Okuda, and S. B. Howell DNA Polymerase {zeta} Accounts for the Reduced Cytotoxicity and Enhanced Mutagenicity of Cisplatin in Human Colon Carcinoma Cells That Have Lost DNA Mismatch Repair Clin. Cancer Res., January 15, 2006; 12(2): 563 - 568. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Rodriguez and M. Meuth Chk1 and p21 Cooperate to Prevent Apoptosis during DNA Replication Fork Stress Mol. Biol. Cell, January 1, 2006; 17(1): 402 - 412. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. L. Gibson, R. S. Bindra, and P. M. Glazer Hypoxia-Induced Phosphorylation of Chk2 in an Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated-Dependent Manner Cancer Res., December 1, 2005; 65(23): 10734 - 10741. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. P. Giacomini, S. Y. Leung, X. Chen, S. T. Yuen, Y. H. Kim, E. Bair, and J. R. Pollack A Gene Expression Signature of Genetic Instability in Colon Cancer Cancer Res., October 15, 2005; 65(20): 9200 - 9205. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Hata, H. Yamamoto, C. Y. Ngan, M. Koi, A. Takagi, B. Damdinsuren, M. Yasui, Y. Fujie, T. Matsuzaki, H. Hemmi, et al. Role of p21waf1/cip1 in effects of oxaliplatin in colorectal cancer cells Mol. Cancer Ther., October 1, 2005; 4(10): 1585 - 1594. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. I. Beardsley, W.-J. Kim, and K. D. Brown N-Methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine Activates Cell-Cycle Arrest through Distinct Mechanisms Activated in a Dose-Dependent Manner Mol. Pharmacol., October 1, 2005; 68(4): 1049 - 1060. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. E. Bachman, J. Sager, I. Cheong, M. Catto, A. Bardelli, B. H. Park, B. Vogelstein, A. Carotti, K. W. Kinzler, and C. Lengauer Identification of compounds that inhibit growth of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine-resistant cancer cells Mol. Cancer Ther., June 1, 2005; 4(6): 1026 - 1030. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Gasche, A. Goel, L. Natarajan, and C. R. Boland Mesalazine Improves Replication Fidelity in Cultured Colorectal Cells Cancer Res., May 15, 2005; 65(10): 3993 - 3997. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Yamane and T. J. Kinsella Casein Kinase 2 Regulates Both Apoptosis and the Cell Cycle Following DNA Damage Induced by 6-Thioguanine Clin. Cancer Res., March 15, 2005; 11(6): 2355 - 2363. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. W. Adamson, D. I. Beardsley, W.-J. Kim, Y. Gao, R. Baskaran, and K. D. Brown Methylator-induced, Mismatch Repair-dependent G2 Arrest Is Activated through Chk1 and Chk2 Mol. Biol. Cell, March 1, 2005; 16(3): 1513 - 1526. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Narayan, A. S. Jaiswal, and R. Balusu Tumor Suppressor APC Blocks DNA Polymerase {beta}-dependent Strand Displacement Synthesis during Long Patch but Not Short Patch Base Excision Repair and Increases Sensitivity to Methylmethane Sulfonate J. Biol. Chem., February 25, 2005; 280(8): 6942 - 6949. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Meyers, M. W. Wagner, A. Mazurek, C. Schmutte, R. Fishel, and D. A. Boothman DNA Mismatch Repair-dependent Response to Fluoropyrimidine-generated Damage J. Biol. Chem., February 18, 2005; 280(7): 5516 - 5526. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Wang, N. Sergina, T. C. Ko, J. Gong, and M. G. Brattain Autocrine and Exogenous Transforming Growth Factor {beta} Control Cell Cycle Inhibition through Pathways with Different Sensitivity J. Biol. Chem., September 17, 2004; 279(38): 40237 - 40244. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 X. Lei, Y. Zhu, A. Tomkinson, and L. Sun Measurement of DNA mismatch repair activity in live cells Nucleic Acids Res., July 12, 2004; 32(12): e100 - e100. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Chen, O. K. Arseven, and V. L. Cryns Proteolysis of the Mismatch Repair Protein MLH1 by Caspase-3 Promotes DNA Damage-induced Apoptosis J. Biol. Chem., June 25, 2004; 279(26): 27542 - 27548. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Ionov, S.-I. Matsui, and J. K. Cowell A role for p300/CREB binding protein genes in promoting cancer progression in colon cancer cell lines with microsatellite instability PNAS, February 3, 2004; 101(5): 1273 - 1278. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. J. Curtin, L.-Z. Wang, A. Yiakouvaki, S. Kyle, C. A. Arris, S. Canan-Koch, S. E. Webber, B. W. Durkacz, H. A. Calvert, Z. Hostomsky, et al. Novel Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase-1 Inhibitor, AG14361, Restores Sensitivity to Temozolomide in Mismatch Repair-Deficient Cells Clin. Cancer Res., February 1, 2004; 10(3): 881 - 889. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Cortellino, D. Turner, V. Masciullo, F. Schepis, D. Albino, R. Daniel, A. M. Skalka, N. J. Meropol, C. Alberti, L. Larue, et al. From The Cover: The base excision repair enzyme MED1 mediates DNA damage response to antitumor drugs and is associated with mismatch repair system integrity PNAS, December 9, 2003; 100(25): 15071 - 15076. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. di Pietro, G. Marra, P. Cejka, L. Stojic, M. Menigatti, M. S. Cattaruzza, and J. Jiricny Mismatch Repair-Dependent Transcriptome Changes In Human Cells Treated with the Methylating Agent N-Methyl-N'-Nitro-N-Nitrosoguanidine Cancer Res., December 1, 2003; 63(23): 8158 - 8166. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Hirose, M. Katayama, D. Stokoe, D. A. Haas-Kogan, M. S. Berger, and R. O. Pieper The p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway Links the DNA Mismatch Repair System to the G2 Checkpoint and to Resistance to Chemotherapeutic DNA-Methylating Agents Mol. Cell. Biol., November 15, 2003; 23(22): 8306 - 8315. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Wu, B.-B. Zhu, J. Yu, H. Zhu, L. Qiu, M. S. Kindy, L. Gu, A. Seidel, and G.-M. Li In vitro and in vivo modulations of benzo[c]phenanthrene-DNA adducts by DNA mismatch repair system Nucleic Acids Res., November 15, 2003; 31(22): 6428 - 6434. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. W. Robinson, M. M. Im, M. Ljungman, F. Praz, and D. S. Shewach Enhanced Radiosensitization with Gemcitabine in Mismatch Repair-Deficient HCT116 Cells Cancer Res., October 15, 2003; 63(20): 6935 - 6941. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. E. Berry, T. Loh, T. Yan, and T. J. Kinsella Role of MutS{alpha} in the Recognition of Iododeoxyuridine in DNA Cancer Res., September 1, 2003; 63(17): 5490 - 5495. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Yanamadala and M. Ljungman Potential Role of MLH1 in the Induction of p53 and Apoptosis by Blocking Transcription on Damaged DNA Templates Mol. Cancer Res., August 1, 2003; 1(10): 747 - 754. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. J. Worrillow, L. B. Travis, A. G. Smith, S. Rollinson, A. J. Smith, C. P. Wild, E. J. Holowaty, B. A. Kohler, T. Wiklund, E. Pukkala, et al. An Intron Splice Acceptor Polymorphism in hMSH2 and Risk of Leukemia after Treatment with Chemotherapeutic Alkylating Agents Clin. Cancer Res., August 1, 2003; 9(8): 3012 - 3020. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Yan, S. E. Berry, A. B. Desai, and T. J. Kinsella DNA Mismatch Repair (MMR) Mediates 6-Thioguanine Genotoxicity by Introducing Single-strand Breaks to Signal a G2-M Arrest in MMR-proficient RKO Cells Clin. Cancer Res., June 1, 2003; 9(6): 2327 - 2334. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Claij, A. van der Wal, M. Dekker, L. Jansen, and H. te Riele DNA Mismatch Repair Deficiency Stimulates N-Ethyl-N-nitrosourea-induced Mutagenesis and Lymphomagenesis Cancer Res., May 1, 2003; 63(9): 2062 - 2066. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Gasche, C. L. Chang, L. Natarajan, A. Goel, J. Rhees, D. J. Young, C. N. Arnold, and C. R. Boland Identification of frame-shift intermediate mutant cells PNAS, February 18, 2003; 100(4): 1914 - 1919. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Taverna, H.-s. Hwang, J. E. Schupp, T. Radivoyevitch, N. N. Session, G. Reddy, D. A. Zarling, and T. J. Kinsella Inhibition of Base Excision Repair Potentiates Iododeoxyuridine-induced Cytotoxicity and Radiosensitization Cancer Res., February 15, 2003; 63(4): 838 - 846. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Goel, D. K. Chang, L. Ricciardiello, C. Gasche, and C. R. Boland A Novel Mechanism for Aspirin-mediated Growth Inhibition of Human Colon Cancer Cells Clin. Cancer Res., January 1, 2003; 9(1): 383 - 390. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. L. Scaife, J. Kuang, J. C. Wills, D. B. Trowbridge, P. Gray, B. M. Manning, E. J. Eichwald, R. A. Daynes, and S. K. Kuwada Nuclear Factor {kappa}B Inhibitors Induce Adhesion-dependent Colon Cancer Apoptosis: Implications for Metastasis Cancer Res., December 1, 2002; 62(23): 6870 - 6878. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. S. Kandel, J. Skeen, N. Majewski, A. Di Cristofano, P. P. Pandolfi, C. S. Feliciano, A. Gartel, and N. Hay Activation of Akt/Protein Kinase B Overcomes a G2/M Cell Cycle Checkpoint Induced by DNA Damage Mol. Cell. Biol., November 15, 2002; 22(22): 7831 - 7841. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Maierhofer, I. Jentsch, G. Lederer, C. Fauth, and M. R.Speicher Multicolor FISH in two and three dimensions for clastogenic analyses Mutagenesis, November 1, 2002; 17(6): 523 - 527. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. J. C. Slebos, D. S. Oh, D. M. Umbach, and J. A. Taylor Mutations in Tetranucleotide Repeats following DNA Damage Depend on Repeat Sequence and Carcinogenic Agent Cancer Res., November 1, 2002; 62(21): 6052 - 6060. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Mohindra, L. E. Hays, E. N. Phillips, B. D. Preston, T. Helleday, and M. Meuth Defects in homologous recombination repair in mismatch-repair-deficient tumour cell lines Hum. Mol. Genet., September 1, 2002; 11(18): 2189 - 2200. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. L. Chang, G. Marra, D. P. Chauhan, H. T. Ha, D. K. Chang, L. Ricciardiello, A. Randolph, J. M. Carethers, and C. R. Boland Oxidative stress inactivates the human DNA mismatch repair system Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, July 1, 2002; 283(1): C148 - C154. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. L. Gerson Clinical Relevance of MGMT in the Treatment of Cancer J. Clin. Oncol., May 1, 2002; 20(9): 2388 - 2399. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. D. Braastad, M. Leguia, and E. A. Hendrickson Ku86 autoantigen related protein-1 transcription initiates from a CpG island and is induced by p53 through a nearby p53 response element Nucleic Acids Res., April 15, 2002; 30(8): 1713 - 1724. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Z. Lan, Z. Sever-Chroneos, M. W. Strobeck, C.-H. Park, R. Baskaran, W. Edelmann, G. Leone, and E. S. Knudsen DNA Damage Invokes Mismatch Repair-dependent Cyclin D1 Attenuation and Retinoblastoma Signaling Pathways to Inhibit CDK2 J. Biol. Chem., March 1, 2002; 277(10): 8372 - 8381. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Karran Mechanisms of tolerance to DNA damaging therapeutic drugs Carcinogenesis, December 1, 2001; 22(12): 1931 - 1937. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Chen, S. H. Bigner, and P. Modrich High rate of CAD gene amplification in human cells deficient in MLH1 or MSH6 PNAS, November 20, 2001; 98(24): 13802 - 13807. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
