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Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment [S. F., I. B., J. F., D. J., A. J. F., K. W. K., P. M. O.], and Lymphoma Biology Section, Pediatric Branch [K. B., I. M.], National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, and the Oncology Center and Program in Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231 [W. S. E.]
The present study assessed the role of the p53 tumor suppressor gene in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis following treatment of Burkitt's lymphoma and lymphoblastoid cell lines with
-rays, etoposide, nitrogen mustard, and cisplatin. Cell cycle arrest was measured by flow cytometry; p53 and p21Waf1/Cip1 protein levels were measured by Western blotting; cell survival was measured in 72–96-h growth inhibition assays and by trypan blue staining, and apoptotic DNA fragmentation was assessed by either agarose gel electrophoresis or a modified filter elution method. We found that
-rays and etoposide induced a strong G1 arrest in the wild-type p53 lines while nitrogen mustard and cisplatin induced relatively little G1 arrest. All agents failed to induce G1 arrest in cells containing mutant p53 genes. The degree of G1 arrest observed with these agents correlated with the rate of p53 and p21Waf1/Cip1 protein accumulation:
-rays and etoposide induced rapid accumulation of both p53 and p21Waf1/Cip1; nitrogen mustard and cisplatin induced slow accumulation of p53 and no major accumulation of the p21Waf1/Cip1 protein. Despite differences in G1 arrest and kinetics of p53 or p21Waf1/Cip1 protein accumulation, all agents tended to decrease survival to a greater extent in the wild-type p53 lines compared to the mutant p53 lines. Cell death in the wild-type p53 lines was associated with intracellular DNA degradation into oligonucleosomal sized DNA fragments, indicative of apoptosis. We also observed an inverse sensitivity relationship between nitrogen mustard/cisplatin and etoposide in the mutant p53 lines and this was found to correlate with topoisomerase II mRNA levels in the cells. Our results suggest that p53 gene status is an important determinant of both radio- and chemosensitivity in lymphoid cell lines and that p53 mutations are often associated with decreased sensitivity to DNA damaging agents.
1 To whom requests for reprints should be addressed.
Received 8/19/94. Accepted 10/ 5/94.
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M. B. Moller, A.-M. Gerdes, K. Skjodt, L. S. Mortensen, and N. T. Pedersen Disrupted p53 Function as Predictor of Treatment Failure and Poor Prognosis in B- and T-Cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Clin. Cancer Res., May 1, 1999; 5(5): 1085 - 1091. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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F. Vikhanskaya, G. Colella, M. Valenti, S. Parodi, M. D'Incalci, and M. Broggini Cooperation between p53 and hMLH1 in a Human Colocarcinoma Cell Line in Response to DNA Damage Clin. Cancer Res., April 1, 1999; 5(4): 937 - 941. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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R. G. Syljuasen, B. Krolewski, and J. B. Little Loss of Normal G1 Checkpoint Control Is an Early Step in Carcinogenesis, Independent of p53 Status Cancer Res., March 1, 1999; 59(5): 1008 - 1014. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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S.-Y. Sun, P. Yue, and R. Lotan Induction of Apoptosis by N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)retinamide and Its Association with Reactive Oxygen Species, Nuclear Retinoic Acid Receptors, and Apoptosis-Related Genes in Human Prostate Carcinoma Cells Mol. Pharmacol., March 1, 1999; 55(3): 403 - 410. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
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G. S. Hagopian, G. B. Mills, A. R. Khokhar, R. C. Bast Jr., and Z. H. Siddik Expression of p53 in Cisplatin-resistant Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines: Modulation with the Novel Platinum Analogue (1R, 2R-Diaminocyclohexane)(trans-diacetato)(dichloro)-platinum(IV) Clin. Cancer Res., March 1, 1999; 5(3): 655 - 663. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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