| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
Urology Service, Department of Surgery and the George M. O'Brien Urology Research Center for Prostate Cancer, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021 [R. S. I., S. L. S., C. T. P., W. R. F., R. F. H., A. D., E. T. E., W. D. W. H.]; Division of Urology, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York 11219 [R. S. I., G. J. W.]; Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, Canada H3T1E2 [W. H. M.]; and The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21210 [D. S. S.]
A highly sensitive nested reverse transcriptase-PCR assay, with primers derived from the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSM) cDNA sequences, has been used to detect occult hematogenous micrometastatic prostate cells. In 77 patients with prostate cancer, PSM and PSA primers detected circulating prostate cells in 48 (62.3%) and 7 (9.1%) patients, respectively. In treated stage D disease patients, PSM primers detected cells in 16 of 24 patients (66.7%), while PSA primers detected cells in 6 of 24 (25%). In post-radical prostatectomy patients with negative serum PSA values, PSM primers detected metastases in 21 of 31 patients (67.7%), whereas PSA primers detected cells in only 1 of 33 (3.0%), indicating that micrometastatic spread may be a relatively early event in prostate cancer. The analysis of 40 individuals without known prostate cancer provides evidence that this assay is highly specific and suggests that PSM expression may predict the development of cancer in patients without clinically apparent prostate cancer. Using PSM primers, we detected micrometastases in 4 of 40 controls, 2 of whom had known benign prostatic hyperplasia and were later found to have previously undetected prostate cancer. The clinical significance of detection of hematogenous micrometastatic prostate cells using PSM primers and potential applications of this molecular assay, as well as the assay for PSA, merit further study.
1 This work was supported in part by NIH Grants DK-CA47650 and CA58192. R. S. I. received partial support through NIH Training Grant CA-09501. W. H. M. received a Terry Fox development grant from the National Institute of Cancer of Canada.
2 To whom requests for reprints should be addressed, at Memorial Sloan- Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue Box 334, New York, NY 10021.
Received 9/26/94. Accepted 11/10/94.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  K Fizazi, L Morat, L Chauveinc, D Prapotnich, R De Crevoisier, B Escudier, X Cathelineau, F Rozet, G Vallancien, L Sabatier, et al. High detection rate of circulating tumor cells in blood of patients with prostate cancer using telomerase activity Ann. Onc., March 1, 2007; 18(3): 518 - 521. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Schamhart, J. Swinnen, K.-H. Kurth, A. Westerhof, R. Kusters, H. Borchers, and C. Sternberg Numeric Definition of the Clinical Performance of the Nested Reverse Transcription-PCR for Detection of Hematogenous Epithelial Cells and Correction for Specific mRNA of Non-Target Cell Origin as Evaluated for Prostate Cancer Cells Clin. Chem., September 1, 2003; 49(9): 1458 - 1466. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C.-L. Gao, S. K. Rawal, L. Sun, A. Ali, R. R. Connelly, L. L. Banez, I. A. Sesterhenn, D. G. Mcleod, J. W. Moul, and S. Srivastava Diagnostic Potential of Prostate-specific Antigen Expressing Epithelial Cells in Blood of Prostate Cancer Patients Clin. Cancer Res., July 1, 2003; 9(7): 2545 - 2550. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Thomas, M. Gupta, Y. Grasso, C. A. Reddy, W. D. Heston, C. Zippe, R. Dreicer, P. A. Kupelian, J. Brainard, H. S. Levin, et al. Preoperative Combined Nested Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction for Prostate-Specific Antigen and Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Does Not Correlate With Pathologic Stage or Biochemical Failure in Patients With Localized Prostate Cancer Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy J. Clin. Oncol., August 1, 2002; 20(15): 3213 - 3218. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Ylikoski, K. Pettersson, J. Nurmi, K. Irjala, M. Karp, H. Lilja, T. Lovgren, and M. Nurmi Simultaneous Quantification of Prostate-specific Antigen and Human Glandular Kallikrein 2 mRNA in Blood Samples from Patients with Prostate Cancer and Benign Disease Clin. Chem., August 1, 2002; 48(8): 1265 - 1271. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Ylikoski, M. Karp, K. Pettersson, H. Lilja, and T. Lovgren Simultaneous Quantification of Human Glandular Kallikrein 2 and Prostate-Specific Antigen mRNAs in Peripheral Blood from Prostate Cancer Patients J. Mol. Diagn., August 1, 2001; 3(3): 111 - 122. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. M. Slawin, S. F. Shariat, C. Nguyen, A. K. Leventis, W. Song, M. W. Kattan, C. Y. F. Young, D. J. Tindall, and T. M. Wheeler Detection of Metastatic Prostate Cancer Using a Splice Variant-specific Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for Human Glandular Kallikrein Cancer Res., December 1, 2000; 60(24): 7142 - 7148. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. P. M. Biscolla, J. M. Cerutti, and R. M. B. Maciel Detection of Recurrent Thyroid Cancer by Sensitive Nested Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction of Thyroglobulin and Sodium/Iodide Symporter Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Transcripts in Peripheral Blood J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., October 1, 2000; 85(10): 3623 - 3627. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J.-L. Gala, S. Loric, Y. Guiot, S. R. Denmeade, A. Gady, F. Brasseur, M. Heusterspreute, P. Eschwège, Philippe De Nayer, P. Van Cangh, et al. Expression of Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen in Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder: Prognostic Value? Clin. Cancer Res., October 1, 2000; 6(10): 4049 - 4054. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Zippelius, R. Lutterbüse, G. Riethmüller, and K. Pantel Analytical Variables of Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction-based Detection of Disseminated Prostate Cancer Cells Clin. Cancer Res., July 1, 2000; 6(7): 2741 - 2750. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. L. A. Hautkappe, M. Lu, H. Mueller, A. Bex, A. Harstrick, M. Roggendorf, and H. Ruebben Detection of Germ-Cell Tumor Cells in the Peripheral Blood by Nested Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction for {{alpha}}-Fetoprotein-Messenger RNA and {beta} Human Chorionic Gonadotropin-Messenger RNA Cancer Res., June 1, 2000; 60(12): 3170 - 3174. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. S. Chang, D. S. O'Keefe, D. J. Bacich, V. E. Reuter, W. D. W. Heston, and P. B. Gaudin Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen Is Produced in Tumor-associated Neovasculature Clin. Cancer Res., October 1, 1999; 5(10): 2674 - 2681. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Ylikoski, M. Sjoroos, A. Lundwall, M. Karp, T. Lovgren, H. Lilja, and A. Iitia Quantitative Reverse Transcription-PCR Assay with an Internal Standard for the Detection of Prostate-specific Antigen mRNA Clin. Chem., September 1, 1999; 45(9): 1397 - 1407. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. A. Ghossein, S. Bhattacharya, and J. Rosai Molecular Detection of Micrometastases and Circulating Tumor Cells in Solid Tumors Clin. Cancer Res., August 1, 1999; 5(8): 1950 - 1960. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Berteau, F. Dumas, J.-L. Gala, P. Eschwege, B. Lacour, M. Philippe, and S. Loric Molecular Detection of Circulating Prostate Cells in Cancer II: Comparison of Prostate Epithelial Cells Isolation Procedures Clin. Chem., August 1, 1998; 44(8): 1750 - 1753. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J.-L. Gala, M. Heusterspreute, S. Loric, F. Hanon, B. Tombal, P. Van Cangh, P. Philippe De Nayer, and M. Philippe Expression of prostate-specific antigen and prostate-specific membrane antigen transcripts in blood cells: implications for the detection of hematogenous prostate cells and standardization Clin. Chem., March 1, 1998; 44(3): 472 - 481. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Berteau, F. Dumas, J.-L. Gala, P. Eschwege, B. Lacour, M. Philippe, and S. Loric Influence of Blood Storage and Sample Processing on Molecular Detection of Circulating Prostate Cells in Cancer Clin. Chem., March 1, 1998; 44(3): 677 - 679. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Z.-z. Su, N. I. Goldstein, and P. B. Fisher Antisense inhibition of the PTI-1 oncogene reverses cancer phenotypes PNAS, February 17, 1998; 95(4): 1764 - 1769. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J.-a. Tan, Y. Sharief, K. G. Hamil, C. W. Gregory, D.-Y. Zang, M. Sar, P. H. Gumerlock, R. W. deVere White, T. G. Pretlow, S. E. Harris, et al. Dehydroepiandrosterone Activates Mutant Androgen Receptors Expressed in the Androgen-Dependent Human Prostate Cancer Xenograft CWR22 and LNCaP Cells Mol. Endocrinol., April 1, 1997; 11(4): 450 - 459. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Corey, E. W. Arfman, A. Y. Liu, and R. L. Vessella Improved reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction protocol with exogenous internal competitive control for prostate-specific antigen mRNA in blood and bone marrow Clin. Chem., March 1, 1997; 43(3): 443 - 452. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| Cancer Research | Clinical Cancer Research |
| Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention | Molecular Cancer Therapeutics |
| Molecular Cancer Research | Cancer Prevention Research |
| Cancer Prevention Journals Portal | Cancer Reviews Online |
| Annual Meeting Education Book | Meeting Abstracts Online |
