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Characterization of Poliovirus Replicons Encoding Carcinoembryonic Antigen¹

Department of Microbiology [D. C. A., Z. M., D. C. P., D. E. W., C. D. M.], Department of Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center [R. M. C., A. F. L. C. D. M.], and UAB AIDS Center [S. M.], University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-0007

Recombinant vaccines hold great promise for the prevention and therapy of infectious diseases and cancer. We have explored the use of poliovirus as a recombinant vector to deliver genes into cells for the purpose of vaccination. For our studies, we have chosen to express the gene-encoding carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) using a novel poliovirus vector. We have constructed a recombinant CEA-poliovirus replicon in which the CEA gene was substituted for the poliovirus capsid gene. Following in vitro transcription, the RNA was transfected into cells to demonstrate CEA expression. We found that a genome in which the region encoding the signal sequence of the CEA protein (amino acids 1–34) was removed was replication competent (i.e., referred to as a replicon). We encapsidated the CEA-poliovirus replicon by transfecting this RNA into cells previously infected with a recombinant vaccinia virus (VV-P1) which expresses the poliovirus capsid protein (P1). Serial passage in the presence of VV-P1 resulted in the generation of stocks of these encapsidated replicons. Infection of cells with the encapsidated replicon containing the CEA-poliovirus genome resulted in expression of the CEA protein. To test immunogenicity, mice susceptible to poliovirus were given three doses of the encapsidated replicons via the i.m. route. By the third administration, a CEA-specific antibody response was detected. Potential future use of the poliovirus replicon system as both a parenteral and oral vaccine vector is discussed.

¹ Supported by Training Grant T32 AI 07150 from NIH [D. E. W.]. The expression of CEA in prokaryotes was accomplished by the Molecular Biology Core supported by AIDS Research Core Support Grant P30-AI-27767 from NIH and the work was supported by Grant AI 25005 from NIH and Grant DAMD 17-94-J-4403 from the U. S. Army.

² To whom requests for reprints should be addressed.

Received 8/29/94. Accepted 11/ 1/94.

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