This Article Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Cordon-Cardo, C. Articles by Levine, A. J. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Cordon-Cardo, C. Articles by Levine, A. J.

Molecular Abnormalities of mdm2 and p53 Genes in Adult Soft Tissue Sarcomas¹

Departments of Pathology [C. C-C., E. L., M. D., M. R. O., J. M. W.], Biostatistics and Epidemiology [D. P.], and Surgery [M. F. B.], Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021, and Department of Molecular Biology-Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544-1014 [V. M., J. C., A. J. L.]

Genetic alterations in the p53 and mdm2 genes have been reported to occur in soft tissue sarcomas. This study was designed to determine the prevalence and potential clinical value of detected molecular abnormalities and altered patterns of expression of mdm2 and p53 genes in adult soft tissue sarcomas.

A cohort of 211 soft tissue sarcomas from adults that were both clinically and pathologically well characterized was analyzed. Monoclonal antibodies directed against mdm2 and p53 proteins were used to measure overexpression of these proteins in the nuclei of cells from sections of these tumors. Seventy-six of 207 tumors had abnormally high levels of mdm2 proteins and 56 of 211 tumors overexpressed p53 protein. Twenty-two cases had abnormally high levels of both mdm2 and p53 proteins based upon immunoreactivity with these antibodies. There was a striking statistically significant correlation between the overexpression of p53 and mdm2 proteins in the same tumor and poor survival (P < 0.05) of the patients.

A group of 73 soft tissue sarcomas was chosen for analysis using Southern blots, single strand conformation polymorphisms, and direct DNA sequencing to confirm mdm2 gene amplifications and p53 mutations and correlate these with the results of the immunoreactivities. The overexpression of p53 and mdm2 proteins in the nuclei of tumor cells did not always correlate well with gene amplification at the mdm2 locus or mutation at the p53 gene. The possible reasons for these discrepancies are discussed.

¹ Supported by National Cancer Institute Grant CA-47179 (C. C-C., J. M. W., M. F. B.).

² To whom requests for reprints should be addressed.

Received 8/10/93. Accepted 11/19/93.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				X.-Z. Chi, J. Kim, Y.-H. Lee, J.-W. Lee, K.-S. Lee, H. Wee, W.-J. Kim, W.-Y. Park, B.-C. Oh, G. S. Stein, et al. Runt-Related Transcription Factor RUNX3 Is a Target of MDM2-Mediated Ubiquitination Cancer Res., October 15, 2009; 69(20): 8111 - 8119. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. X. Zhou, C. H. Lee, C. F. Qi, H. Wang, Z. Naghashfar, S. Abbasi, and H. C. Morse III IFN Regulatory Factor 8 Regulates MDM2 in Germinal Center B Cells J. Immunol., September 1, 2009; 183(5): 3188 - 3194. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. Toffoli, P. Biason, A. Russo, E. De Mattia, E. Cecchin, C. M. Hattinger, M. Pasello, M. Alberghini, C. Ferrari, K. Scotlandi, et al. Effect of TP53 Arg72Pro and MDM2 SNP309 Polymorphisms on the Risk of High-Grade Osteosarcoma Development and Survival Clin. Cancer Res., May 15, 2009; 15(10): 3550 - 3556. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Bouska and C. M. Eischen Mdm2 Affects Genome Stability Independent of p53 Cancer Res., March 1, 2009; 69(5): 1697 - 1701. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Saab, C. Rodriguez-Galindo, K. Matmati, J. E. Rehg, S. H. Baumer, J. D. Khoury, C. Billups, G. Neale, K. J. Helton, and S. X. Skapek p18Ink4c and p53 Act as Tumor Suppressors in Cyclin D1-Driven Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor Cancer Res., January 15, 2009; 69(2): 440 - 448. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. M. Sakamoto Targeting Ubiquitin and Ubiquitin-like Modifier Pathways for Cancer Therapy ASCO Educational Book, January 1, 2009; 2009(1): 171 - 175. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Bouska, T. Lushnikova, S. Plaza, and C. M. Eischen Mdm2 Promotes Genetic Instability and Transformation Independent of p53 Mol. Cell. Biol., August 1, 2008; 28(15): 4862 - 4874. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Z. Duan, E. J. Weinstein, D. Ji, R. Y. Ames, E. Choy, H. Mankin, and F. J. Hornicek Lentiviral short hairpin RNA screen of genes associated with multidrug resistance identifies PRP-4 as a new regulator of chemoresistance in human ovarian cancer Mol. Cancer Ther., August 1, 2008; 7(8): 2377 - 2385. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Muret, M. Yacoub, P. Terrier, F. Drusch, A. Laplanche, C. Gaudin, C. Richon, C. Le Pechoux, A. Le Cesne, F. J. Lejeune, et al. p53 status correlates with histopathological response in patients with soft tissue sarcomas treated using isolated limb perfusion with TNF-{alpha} and melphalan Ann. Onc., April 1, 2008; 19(4): 793 - 800. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Forslund, Z. Zeng, L.-X. Qin, S. Rosenberg, M. Ndubuisi, H. Pincas, W. Gerald, D. A. Notterman, F. Barany, and P. B. Paty MDM2 Gene Amplification Is Correlated to Tumor Progression but not to the Presence of SNP309 or TP53 Mutational Status in Primary Colorectal Cancers Mol. Cancer Res., February 1, 2008; 6(2): 205 - 211. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. Wawrzynow, A. Zylicz, M. Wallace, T. Hupp, and M. Zylicz MDM2 Chaperones the p53 Tumor Suppressor J. Biol. Chem., November 9, 2007; 282(45): 32603 - 32612. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. S. Nayak, J.-M. Yang, and W. N. Hait Effect of a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in the Murine Double Minute 2 Promoter (SNP309) on the Sensitivity to Topoisomerase II-Targeting Drugs Cancer Res., June 15, 2007; 67(12): 5831 - 5839. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. S. Lindstrom, A. Jin, C. Deisenroth, G. White Wolf, and Y. Zhang Cancer-Associated Mutations in the MDM2 Zinc Finger Domain Disrupt Ribosomal Protein Interaction and Attenuate MDM2-Induced p53 Degradation Mol. Cell. Biol., February 1, 2007; 27(3): 1056 - 1068. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. Ohmiya, A. Taguchi, N. Mabuchi, A. Itoh, Y. Hirooka, Y. Niwa, and H. Goto MDM2 Promoter Polymorphism Is Associated With Both an Increased Susceptibility to Gastric Carcinoma and Poor Prognosis J. Clin. Oncol., September 20, 2006; 24(27): 4434 - 4440. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Kotilingam, D. C. Lev, A. J. F. Lazar, and R. E. Pollock Staging Soft Tissue Sarcoma: Evolution and Change CA Cancer J Clin, September 1, 2006; 56(5): 282 - 291. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M.-S. Dai, D. Shi, Y. Jin, X.-X. Sun, Y. Zhang, S. R. Grossman, and H. Lu Regulation of the MDM2-p53 Pathway by Ribosomal Protein L11 Involves a Post-ubiquitination Mechanism J. Biol. Chem., August 25, 2006; 281(34): 24304 - 24313. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Ferrone, F. Perrone, E. Tamborini, M. S. Paneni, M. Fermeglia, S. Suardi, E. Pastore, D. Delia, M. A. Pierotti, S. Pricl, et al. Functional analysis and molecular modeling show a preserved wild-type activity of p53C238Y. Mol. Cancer Ther., June 1, 2006; 5(6): 1467 - 1473. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. V. Poyurovsky and C. Prives Unleashing the power of p53: lessons from mice and men Genes & Dev., January 15, 2006; 20(2): 125 - 131. [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Mani and E. P. Gelmann The Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathway and Its Role in Cancer J. Clin. Oncol., July 20, 2005; 23(21): 4776 - 4789. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. L. Bond, W. Hu, and A. Levine A Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in the MDM2 Gene: From a Molecular and Cellular Explanation to Clinical Effect Cancer Res., July 1, 2005; 65(13): 5481 - 5484. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Zhou, R. Frum, S. Deb, and S. P. Deb The Growth Arrest Function of the Human Oncoprotein Mouse Double Minute-2 Is Disabled by Downstream Mutation in Cancer Cells Cancer Res., March 1, 2005; 65(5): 1839 - 1848. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Sdek, H. Ying, H. Zheng, A. Margulis, X. Tang, K. Tian, and Z.-X. J. Xiao The Central Acidic Domain of MDM2 Is Critical in Inhibition of Retinoblastoma-mediated Suppression of E2F and Cell Growth J. Biol. Chem., December 17, 2004; 279(51): 53317 - 53322. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. A. Steinman, E. Burstein, C. Lengner, J. Gosselin, G. Pihan, C. S. Duckett, and S. N. Jones An Alternative Splice Form of Mdm2 Induces p53-independent Cell Growth and Tumorigenesis J. Biol. Chem., February 6, 2004; 279(6): 4877 - 4886. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Onel and C. Cordon-Cardo MDM2 and Prognosis Mol. Cancer Res., January 1, 2004; 2(1): 1 - 8. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Zhu, L. Wu, and C. G. Maki MDM2 and Promyelocytic Leukemia Antagonize Each Other through Their Direct Interaction with p53 J. Biol. Chem., December 5, 2003; 278(49): 49286 - 49292. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. P. Deb Cell Cycle Regulatory Functions of the Human Oncoprotein MDM2 Mol. Cancer Res., December 1, 2003; 1(14): 1009 - 1016. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. W. Meek and U. Knippschild Posttranslational Modification of MDM2 Mol. Cancer Res., December 1, 2003; 1(14): 1017 - 1026. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. Ganguli and B. Wasylyk p53-Independent Functions of MDM2 Mol. Cancer Res., December 1, 2003; 1(14): 1027 - 1035. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Takahiro, K. Shinichi, and S. Toshimitsu Expression of Fatty Acid Synthase as a Prognostic Indicator in Soft Tissue Sarcomas Clin. Cancer Res., June 1, 2003; 9(6): 2204 - 2212. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Alonso, C. Tamasdan, D. C. Miller, and E. W. Newcomb Flavopiridol Induces Apoptosis in Glioma Cell Lines Independent of Retinoblastoma and p53 Tumor Suppressor Pathway Alterations by a Caspase-independent Pathway Mol. Cancer Ther., February 1, 2003; 2(2): 139 - 150. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. P. McKenzie, C. R. McPake, A. A. Ashford, E. F. Vanin, and L. C. Harris MDM2 Does Not Influence p53-mediated Sensitivity to DNA-damaging Drugs Mol. Cancer Ther., October 1, 2002; 1(12): 1097 - 1104. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. Osman, E. Sherman, B. Singh, E. Venkatraman, M. Zelefsky, G. Bosl, H. Scher, J. Shah, A. Shaha, D. Kraus, et al. Alteration of p53 Pathway in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: Impact on Treatment Outcome in Patients Treated With Larynx Preservation Intent J. Clin. Oncol., July 1, 2002; 20(13): 2980 - 2987. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. T. Giordana, D. Duo, S. Gasverde, E. Trevisan, A. Boghi, I. Morra, L. Pradotto, A. Mauro, and A. Chio MDM2 overexpression is associated with short survival in adults with medulloblastoma Neuro-oncol, April 1, 2002; 4(2): 115 - 122. [Abstract] [PDF]

				D. Alarcon-Vargas and Z.'e. Ronai p53-Mdm2--the affair that never ends Carcinogenesis, April 1, 2002; 23(4): 541 - 547. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. Roijer, A. Nordkvist, A.-K. Strom, W. Ryd, M. Behrendt, J. Bullerdiek, J. Mark, and G. Stenman Translocation, Deletion/Amplification, and Expression of HMGIC and MDM2 in a Carcinoma ex Pleomorphic Adenoma Am. J. Pathol., February 1, 2002; 160(2): 433 - 440. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M.-L. Lu, F. Wikman, T. F. Orntoft, E. Charytonowicz, F. Rabbani, Z. Zhang, G. Dalbagni, K. S. Pohar, G. Yu, and C. Cordon-Cardo Impact of Alterations Affecting the p53 Pathway in Bladder Cancer on Clinical Outcome, Assessed by Conventional and Array-based Methods Clin. Cancer Res., January 1, 2002; 8(1): 171 - 179. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Hoos, A. Stojadinovic, B. Singh, M. E. Dudas, D. H. Y. Leung, A. R. Shaha, J. P. Shah, M. F. Brennan, C. Cordon-Cardo, and R. Ghossein Clinical Significance of Molecular Expression Profiles of Hurthle Cell Tumors of the Thyroid Gland Analyzed via Tissue Microarrays Am. J. Pathol., January 1, 2002; 160(1): 175 - 183. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Polsky, B. C. Bastian, C. Hazan, K. Melzer, J. Pack, A. Houghton, K. Busam, C. Cordon-Cardo, and I. Osman HDM2 Protein Overexpression, but not Gene Amplification, is Related to Tumorigenesis of Cutaneous Melanoma Cancer Res., October 1, 2001; 61(20): 7642 - 7646. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Calogero, A. Arcella, G. De Gregorio, A. Porcellini, D. Mercola, C. Liu, V. Lombari, M. Zani, G. Giannini, F. M. Gagliardi, et al. The Early Growth Response Gene EGR-1 Behaves as a Suppressor Gene That Is Down-Regulated Independent of ARF/Mdm2 but not p53 Alterations in Fresh Human Gliomas Clin. Cancer Res., September 1, 2001; 7(9): 2788 - 2796. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Adachi, Y. Oda, A. Sakamoto, T. Saito, S. Tamiya, K. Masuda, and M. Tsuneyoshi Immunoreactivity of p53, mdm2, and p21WAFL in Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma: Special Emphasis on the Distinct Immunophenotype of the Well-differentiated Component International Journal of Surgical Pathology, April 1, 2001; 9(2): 99 - 109. [Abstract] [PDF]

				A. Hoos, J. J. Lewis, C. R. Antonescu, M. E. Dudas, L. Leon, J. M. Woodruff, M. F. Brennan, and C. Cordon-Cardo Characterization of Molecular Abnormalities in Human Fibroblastic Neoplasms: A Model for Genotype-Phenotype Association in Soft Tissue Tumors Cancer Res., April 1, 2001; 61(7): 3171 - 2175. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				J. Lukas, D.-Q. Gao, M. Keshmeshian, W.-H. Wen, D. Tsao-Wei, S. Rosenberg, and M. F. Press Alternative and Aberrant Messenger RNA Splicing of the mdm2 Oncogene in Invasive Breast Cancer Cancer Res., April 1, 2001; 61(7): 3212 - 3219. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				A. Hoos, M. J. Urist, A. Stojadinovic, S. Mastorides, M. E. Dudas, D. H. Y. Leung, D. Kuo, M. F. Brennan, J. J. Lewis, and C. Cordon-Cardo Validation of Tissue Microarrays for Immunohistochemical Profiling of Cancer Specimens Using the Example of Human Fibroblastic Tumors Am. J. Pathol., April 1, 2001; 158(4): 1245 - 1251. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Aogi, A. Woodman, V. Urquidi, D. C. Mangham, D. Tarin, and S. Goodison Telomerase Activity in Soft-Tissue and Bone Sarcomas Clin. Cancer Res., December 1, 2000; 6(12): 4776 - 4781. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				X. Zeng, D. Keller, L. Wu, and H. Lu UV but not {{gamma}} Irradiation Accelerates p53-induced Apoptosis of Teratocarcinoma Cells by Repressing MDM2 Transcription Cancer Res., November 1, 2000; 60(21): 6184 - 6188. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				J. Lin, X. Jin, C. Page, V. K. Sondak, G. Jiang, and R. K. Reynolds A Modified p53 Overcomes mdm2-mediated Oncogenic Transformation: A Potential Cancer Therapeutic Agent Cancer Res., October 1, 2000; 60(20): 5895 - 5901. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				A. Haitel, H. G. Wiener, U. Baethge, M. Marberger, and M. Susani mdm2 Expression as a Prognostic Indicator in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: Comparison with p53 Overexpression and Clinicopathological Parameters Clin. Cancer Res., May 1, 2000; 6(5): 1840 - 1844. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Panizo-Santos, I. Sola, F. Vega, E. De Alava, M. D. Lozano, M. A. Idoate, and J. Pardo-Mindin Predicting Metastatic Risk of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors: Role of Cell Proliferation and Cell Cycle Regulatory Proteins International Journal of Surgical Pathology, April 1, 2000; 8(2): 133 - 144. [Abstract] [PDF]

				A. L. Folpe, R. H. Lyles, J. T. Sprouse, E. U. Conrad III, and J. F. Eary (F-18) Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography as a Predictor of Pathologic Grade and Other Prognostic Variables in Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcoma Clin. Cancer Res., April 1, 2000; 6(4): 1279 - 1287. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				R. S. K. Chaganti and J. Houldsworth Genetics and Biology of Adult Human Male Germ Cell Tumors Cancer Res., March 1, 2000; 60(6): 1475 - 1482. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				C. R. Antonescu, D. H. Leung, M. Dudas, M. Ladanyi, M. Brennan, J. M. Woodruff, and C. Cordon-Cardo Alterations of Cell Cycle Regulators in Localized Synovial Sarcoma : A Multifactorial Study with Prognostic Implications Am. J. Pathol., March 1, 2000; 156(3): 977 - 983. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. A. Sharp, S. A. Kratowicz, M. J. Sank, and D. L. George Stabilization of the MDM2 Oncoprotein by Interaction with the Structurally Related MDMX Protein J. Biol. Chem., December 31, 1999; 274(53): 38189 - 38196. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. B. Agus, C. Cordon-Cardo, W. Fox, M. Drobnjak, A. Koff, D. W. Golde, and H. I. Scher Prostate Cancer Cell Cycle Regulators: Response to Androgen Withdrawal and Development of Androgen Independence J Natl Cancer Inst, November 3, 1999; 91(21): 1869 - 1876. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Schneider-Stock, A. Ziegeler, C. Haeckel, D.-S. Franke, J. Rys, and A. Roessner Prognostic Relevance of p53 Alterations and Mib-1 Proliferation Index in Subgroups of Primary Liposarcomas Clin. Cancer Res., October 1, 1999; 5(10): 2830 - 2835. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. Osman, M. Drobnjak, M. Fazzari, J. Ferrara, H. I. Scher, and C. Cordon-Cardo Inactivation of the p53 Pathway in Prostate Cancer: Impact on Tumor Progression Clin. Cancer Res., August 1, 1999; 5(8): 2082 - 2088. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. L. Yang, Y. B. Dong, M. J. Elliott, T. J. Liu, C. Atienza Jr., A. Stilwell, and K. M. McMasters Adenovirus-mediated E2F-1 Gene Transfer Inhibits MDM2 Expression and Efficiently Induces Apoptosis in MDM2-overexpressing Tumor Cells Clin. Cancer Res., August 1, 1999; 5(8): 2242 - 2250. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				X. Zeng, L. Chen, C. A. Jost, R. Maya, D. Keller, X. Wang, W. G. Kaelin Jr., M. Oren, J. Chen, and H. Lu MDM2 Suppresses p73 Function without Promoting p73 Degradation Mol. Cell. Biol., May 1, 1999; 19(5): 3257 - 3266. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. Pan and D. S. Haines The Pathway Regulating MDM2 Protein Degradation Can Be Altered in Human Leukemic Cells Cancer Res., May 1, 1999; 59(9): 2064 - 2067. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				V. Reinke, D. M. Bortner, L. L. Amelse, K. Lundgren, M. P. Rosenberg, C. A. Finlay, and G. Lozano Overproduction of MDM2 in Vivo Disrupts S Phase Independent of E2F1 Cell Growth Differ., March 1, 1999; 10(3): 147 - 154. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				T. Haapajärvi, K. Pitkänen, and M. Laiho Human Melanoma Cell Line UV Responses Show Independency of p53 Function Cell Growth Differ., March 1, 1999; 10(3): 163 - 171. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				I. Orlow, M. Drobnjak, Z.-F. Zhang, J. Lewis, J. M. Woodruff, M. F. Brennan, and C. Cordon-Cardo Alterations of INK4A and INK4B Genes in Adult Soft Tissue Sarcomas: Effect on Survival J Natl Cancer Inst, January 6, 1999; 91(1): 73 - 79. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. A. Freedman Regulation of the p53 Protein by the MDM2 Oncoprotein--Thirty-eighth G. H. A. Clowes Memorial Award Lecture Cancer Res., January 1, 1999; 59(1): 1 - 7. [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. N. Jones, A. R. Hancock, H. Vogel, L. A. Donehower, and A. Bradley Overexpression of Mdm2 in mice reveals a p53-independent role for Mdm2 in tumorigenesis PNAS, December 22, 1998; 95(26): 15608 - 15612. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. A. Freedman and A. J. Levine Nuclear Export Is Required for Degradation of Endogenous p53 by MDM2 and Human Papillomavirus E6 Mol. Cell. Biol., December 1, 1998; 18(12): 7288 - 7293. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				C. Zietz, M. Rossle, C. Haas, A. Sendelhofert, A. Hirschmann, M. Sturzl, and U. Lohrs MDM-2 Oncoprotein Overexpression, p53 Gene Mutation, and VEGF Up-Regulation in Angiosarcomas Am. J. Pathol., November 1, 1998; 153(5): 1425 - 1433. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Urashima, G. Teoh, D. Chauhan, A. Ogata, S. Shirahama, C. Kaihara, M. Matsuzaki, H. Matsushima, M. Akiyama, Y. Yuza, et al. MDM2 Protein Overexpression Inhibits Apoptosis of TF-1 Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor-Dependent Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia Cells Blood, August 1, 1998; 92(3): 959 - 967. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Juven-Gershon, O. Shifman, T. Unger, A. Elkeles, Y. Haupt, and M. Oren The Mdm2 Oncoprotein Interacts with the Cell Fate Regulator Numb Mol. Cell. Biol., July 1, 1998; 18(7): 3974 - 3982. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				E. Perz and J. G. Kuhn Review : p53 in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice, June 1, 1998; 4(2): 75 - 102. [Abstract] [PDF]

				O. V. Volpert, J. Lawler, and N. P. Bouck A human fibrosarcoma inhibits systemic angiogenesis and the growth of experimental metastases via thrombospondin-1 PNAS, May 26, 1998; 95(11): 6343 - 6348. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. Chen, S. Agrawal, W. Zhou, R. Zhang, and J. Chen Synergistic activation of p53 by inhibition of MDM2 expression and DNA damage PNAS, January 6, 1998; 95(1): 195 - 200. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Leveillard and B. Wasylyk The MDM2 C-terminal Region Binds to TAFII250 and Is Required for MDM2 Regulation of the Cyclin A Promoter J. Biol. Chem., December 5, 1997; 272(49): 30651 - 30661. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. Chen, V. Marechal, J. Moreau, A. J. Levine, and J. Chen Proteolytic Cleavage of the mdm2 Oncoprotein during Apoptosis J. Biol. Chem., September 5, 1997; 272(36): 22966 - 22973. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. Teoh, M. Urashima, A. Ogata, D. Chauhan, J. A. DeCaprio, S. P. Treon, R. L. Schlossman, and K. C. Anderson MDM2 Protein Overexpression Promotes Proliferation and Survival of Multiple Myeloma Cells Blood, September 1, 1997; 90(5): 1982 - 1992. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Naka, Y. Iwamoto, N. Shinohara, H. Chuman, and M. Tsuneyoshi p53 Accumulation in Malignant Bone Tumors: An Immunohistochemical Analysis of 217 Cases International Journal of Surgical Pathology, July 1, 1997; 5(1-2): 1 - 9. [Abstract] [PDF]

				K Lundgren, R Montes de Oca Luna, Y B McNeill, E P Emerick, B Spencer, C R Barfield, G Lozano, M P Rosenberg, and C A Finlay Targeted expression of MDM2 uncouples S phase from mitosis and inhibits mammary gland development independent of p53. Genes & Dev., March 15, 1997; 11(6): 714 - 725. [Abstract] [PDF]

				P. H. Kussie, S. Gorina, V. Marechal, B. Elenbaas, J. Moreau, A. J. Levine, and N. P. Pavletich Structure of the MDM2 Oncoprotein Bound to the p53 Tumor Suppressor Transactivation Domain Science, November 8, 1996; 274(5289): 948 - 953. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				K. Devaney, S. L. Abbondanzo, K. M. Shekitka, R. B. Wolov, and D. E. Sweet p53 Protein and Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) Expression in Small Round Cell Tumors of Bone and Adjacent Soft Tissue: A Study of 60 Cases International Journal of Surgical Pathology, April 1, 1995; 2(4): 259 - 267. [Abstract] [PDF]

				D. Esrig, D. Elmajian, S. Groshen, J. A. Freeman, J. P. Stein, S.-C. Chen, P. W. Nichols, D. G. Skinner, P. A. Jones, and R. J. Cote Accumulation of Nuclear p53 and Tumor Progression in Bladder Cancer N. Engl. J. Med., November 10, 1994; 331(19): 1259 - 1264. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				Y Barak, E Gottlieb, T Juven-Gershon, and M Oren Regulation of mdm2 expression by p53: alternative promoters produce transcripts with nonidentical translation potential. Genes & Dev., August 1, 1994; 8(15): 1739 - 1749. [Abstract] [PDF]

				S.W. Lowe, S. Bodis, N. Bardees, A. McClatchey, L. Remington, H.E. Ruley, D.E. Fisher, T. Jacks, J. Pelletier, and D.E. Housman Apoptosis and the Prognostic Significance of p53 Mutation Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol, January 1, 1994; 59(0): 419 - 426. [Abstract] [PDF]

				K.M. Dameron, O.V. Volpert, M.A. Tainsky, and N. Bouck The p53 Tumor Suppressor Gene Inhibits Angiogenesis by Stimulating the Production of Thrombospondin Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol, January 1, 1994; 59(0): 483 - 489. [Abstract] [PDF]

				Y. Peng, L. Chen, C. Li, W. Lu, S. Agrawal, and J. Chen Stabilization of the MDM2 Oncoprotein by Mutant p53 J. Biol. Chem., February 23, 2001; 276(9): 6874 - 6878. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Buschmann, Y. Lin, N. Aithmitti, S. Y. Fuchs, H. Lu, L. Resnick-Silverman, J. J. Manfredi, Z.'e. Ronai, and X. Wu Stabilization and Activation of p53 by the Coactivator Protein TAFII31 J. Biol. Chem., April 20, 2001; 276(17): 13852 - 13857. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]