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Cell DeathInduced by Peroxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein: Endopepsis¹

Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215

Peroxidized low-density lipoprotein (p-LDL) has been previously demonstrated to be preferentially cytotoxic to certain malignant cells compared to normal cells of the same type. We present evidence that p-LDL is at least partially taken up through the LDL receptor and that it becomes localized in lysosomes. The integrity of lysosomes of p-LDL-treated cells is compromised, and leakage of their contents into the cytosol occurs. This leakage occurs early and precedes mitochondrial dysfunction. Brefeldin A inhibits this leakage, perhaps by interfering with the traffic between endosomes and lysosomes. Electron micrographs taken at various times suggest a mechanism of cell death which resembles certain aspects of the broad definition of apoptosis. However, we suggest that the cell death observed following p-LDL-induced release of lysosomal contents is essentially unique, with released lysosomal enzymes degrading the cell from within. We suggest that this process should be described as endopepsis.

¹ The work described in this paper was supported in part by grants from the National Institutes of Health (CA36276), The Eleanor Naylor Dana Charitable Trust, The BIH Radiologic Foundation, Inc., and The Institute for Clinical Applications, Inc.

² To whom requests for reprints should be addressed, at Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Hospital, 330 Brookline Ave., DA-705, Boston, MA 02215.

Received 6/17/93. Accepted 1/ 3/94.

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