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[Cancer Research 55, 3551-3557, August 15, 1995]
© 1995 American Association for Cancer Research

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Bisphosphonate Risedronate Reduces Metastatic Human Breast Cancer Burden in Bone in Nude Mice1

Akira Sasaki2, Brendan F. Boyce, Beryl Story, Kenneth R. Wright, Mark Chapman, Rogely Boyce, Gregory R. Mundy and Toshiyuki Yoneda3

University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism [A. S., G. R. M., T. Y.] and Department of Pathology [B. F. B., B. S., K. R. W.], San Antonio, Texas 78284-7877 and Rhône-Poulenc Rorer, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19486 [M. C., R. B.]

Human breast cancer frequently metastasizes to the skeleton to cause osteolysis and subsequent pain, pathological fracture, and hypercalcemia. Because bone continuously releases growth factors stored in bone matrix by bone resorption during physiological remodeling and, thus, possibly provides a favorable microenvironment for metastatic breast cancer cells to proliferate, inhibitors of bone resorption used either prophylactically or in patients with established disease, therefore, would seem likely to be useful adjuvant therapy in patients with breast cancer. However, the parameters for monitoring progressive osteolytic bone disease in humans are imprecise. We examined the effects of the third generation bisphosphonate, risedronate, which is a specific inhibitor of osteoclastic bone resorption, in a bone metastasis model in nude mice in which intracardiac injection of the human breast cancer cell line MDA-231 leads to osteolytic bone metastases. Risedronate (4 µg/animal/day) was given s.c. to animals (a) after radiologically small but defined osteolytic metastases were observed; (b) simultaneously with MDA-231 cell inoculation through the entire experimental period; or (c) by short-term prophylactic administration before inoculation of MDA-231 cells. In all experiments, risedronate either slowed progression or inhibited the development of bone metastases assessed radiographically. Furthermore, mice treated continuously with risedronate showed significantly longer survival than did control mice. Histomorphometrical analysis revealed that osteoclast numbers were diminished at metastatic tumor sites. Unexpectedly, there was also a marked decrease in tumor burden in bone in risedronate-treated animals. In contrast, the growth of metastatic breast cancer in soft tissues surrounding bones was not affected by risedronate. Moreover, risedronate had no effects on the local growth of s.c. implanted MDA-231 breast cancers in nude mice or on MDA-231 cell proliferation in culture. These data demonstrate that risedronate decreases metastatic MDA-231 breast cancer burden selectively in bone, as well as suppresses progression of established osteolytic lesions and prevents the development of new osteolytic lesions; thus, the data suggest that inhibition of osteoclastic bone resorption may be a useful adjunctive therapy for the treatment of cancers that have colonized in bone.

1 This work was supported by National Cancer Institute Grants CA-40035 and CA-58183 (Specialized Programs of Research Excellence in Breast Cancer).

2 Present address: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery II, Okayama University School of Dentistry, Okayama 700, Japan.

3 To whom requests for reprints should be addressed, at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78284-7877.

Received 2/13/95. Accepted 6/ 8/95.




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