.JPG?ad=18503&adview=true)
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
Division of Cancer Biology Research, Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5 Canada [J. R., Y. M., L. B., J. F., R. S. K.], and Department of Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan [S. S., T. S.]
The growth of solid tumors in vivo beyond 1–2 mm in diameter requires induction and maintenance of an angiogenic response. This can occur through the release of various angiogenic growth factors from tumor cells. One such factor is vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular permeability factor (VEGF/VPF), a secreted and specific mitogen for vascular endothelial cells. We show that one of the most commonly encountered genetic changes detected in human cancer, i.e., expression of mutant ras oncogenes, is associated with marked up-regulation of VEGF/VPF in transformed epithelial cells. Thus, elevation of the levels of both VEGF/VPF mRNA and secreted functional protein were detected in human and rodent tumor cell lines expressing mutant K-ras or H-ras oncogenes, respectively. Genetic disruption of the mutant K-ras allele in human colon carcinoma cells was associated with a reduction in VEGF/VPF activity. Furthermore, pharmacological disruption of mutant RAS protein function in H-ras transformed rat intestinal epithelial cells by treatment with L-739,749 (a protein farnesyltransferase inhibitor) caused a significant suppression of VEGF/VPF. The results suggest that dominantly acting ras oncogenes may contribute to the growth of solid tumors in vivo not only by a direct effect on tumor cell proliferation but also indirectly, i.e., by facilitating tumor angiogenesis. Hence, pharmacologically targeting mutant ras oncogenes could conceivably suppress solid tumor growth in vivo, in part, by inhibiting tumor-induced angiogenesis.
1 This work was supported by grants from the Medical Research Council of Canada and the National Institutes of Health, USA (CA-41233) to RSK. RSK is a Terry Fox Scientist of the National Cancer Institute of Canada, supported by funds from the annual Terry Fox Run.
2 To whom requests for reprints should be addressed, at Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, Reichmann Research Building, S-218, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5 Canada.
Received 9/ 7/95. Accepted 9/14/95.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  V. Goh, S. Halligan, F. Daley, D. M. Wellsted, T. Guenther, and C. I. Bartram Colorectal Tumor Vascularity: Quantitative Assessment with Multidetector CT--Do Tumor Perfusion Measurements Reflect Angiogenesis? Radiology, September 23, 2008; (2008) 2492071365. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Kawasaki, T. Watabe, H. Sase, M. Hirashima, H. Koide, Y. Morishita, K. Yuki, T. Sasaoka, T. Suda, M. Katsuki, et al. Ras signaling directs endothelial specification of VEGFR2+ vascular progenitor cells J. Cell Biol., April 3, 2008; 181(1): 131 - 141. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Klement, B. St. Croix, C. Milsom, L. May, Q. Guo, J. L. Yu, P. Klement, and J. Rak Atherosclerosis and Vascular Aging as Modifiers of Tumor Progression, Angiogenesis, and Responsiveness to Therapy Am. J. Pathol., October 1, 2007; 171(4): 1342 - 1351. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. E. Marks, A. W. Ho, C. Robbel, T. Kuna, S. Berk, and T. F. Gajewski Farnesyltransferase inhibitors inhibit T-cell cytokine production at the posttranscriptional level Blood, September 15, 2007; 110(6): 1982 - 1988. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. R. Langley and I. J. Fidler Tumor Cell-Organ Microenvironment Interactions in the Pathogenesis of Cancer Metastasis Endocr. Rev., May 1, 2007; 28(3): 297 - 321. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Venkatesha, J.-i. Hanai, P. Seth, S. A. Karumanchi, and V. P. Sukhatme Lipocalin 2 Antagonizes the Proangiogenic Action of Ras in Transformed Cells Mol. Cancer Res., November 1, 2006; 4(11): 821 - 829. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Chen, M. E. Rose, H. Hwang, R. G. Nines, and G. D. Stoner Black raspberries inhibit N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine (NMBA)-induced angiogenesis in rat esophagus parallel to the suppression of COX-2 and iNOS Carcinogenesis, November 1, 2006; 27(11): 2301 - 2307. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H.-C. Chang, C.-Y. Cho, and W.-C. Hung Silencing of the Metastasis Suppressor RECK by RAS Oncogene Is Mediated by DNA Methyltransferase 3b-Induced Promoter Methylation. Cancer Res., September 1, 2006; 66(17): 8413 - 8420. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. Vincenzi, D. Santini, A. Russo, M. Silletta, M. Gavasci, F. Battistoni, G. Di Cuonzo, L. Rocci, N. Gebbia, and G. Tonini Angiogenesis modifications related with cetuximab plus irinotecan as anticancer treatment in advanced colorectal cancer patients Ann. Onc., May 1, 2006; 17(5): 835 - 841. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. V. Heymach Antiangiogenic Therapy for Cancer: from the Bench to Bedside and Back Am. Assoc. Cancer Res. Educ. Book, April 1, 2006; 2006(1): 177 - 180. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Indraccolo, L. Stievano, S. Minuzzo, V. Tosello, G. Esposito, E. Piovan, R. Zamarchi, L. Chieco-Bianchi, and A. Amadori Interruption of tumor dormancy by a transient angiogenic burst within the tumor microenvironment. PNAS, March 14, 2006; 103(11): 4216 - 4221. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Kalas, J. L. Yu, C. Milsom, J. Rosenfeld, R. Benezra, P. Bornstein, and J. Rak Oncogenes and Angiogenesis: Down-regulation of Thrombospondin-1 in Normal Fibroblasts Exposed to Factors from Cancer Cells Harboring Mutant Ras Cancer Res., October 1, 2005; 65(19): 8878 - 8886. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Shahrzad, L. Quayle, C. Stone, C. Plumb, S. Shirasawa, J. W. Rak, and B. L. Coomber Ischemia-Induced K-ras Mutations in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells: Role of Microenvironmental Regulation of MSH2 Expression Cancer Res., September 15, 2005; 65(18): 8134 - 8141. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. L. Ince, A. M. Jubb, S. N. Holden, E. B. Holmgren, P. Tobin, M. Sridhar, H. I. Hurwitz, F. Kabbinavar, W. F. Novotny, K. J. Hillan, et al. Association of k-ras, b-raf, and p53 Status With the Treatment Effect of Bevacizumab J Natl Cancer Inst, July 6, 2005; 97(13): 981 - 989. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. G. Christensen, P. W. Vincent, W. D. Klohs, D. W. Fry, W. R. Leopold, and W. L. Elliott Plasma vascular endothelial growth factor and interleukin-8 as biomarkers of antitumor efficacy of a prototypical erbB family tyrosine kinase inhibitor Mol. Cancer Ther., June 1, 2005; 4(6): 938 - 947. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. R. Wedge, J. Kendrew, L. F. Hennequin, P. J. Valentine, S. T. Barry, S. R. Brave, N. R. Smith, N. H. James, M. Dukes, J. O. Curwen, et al. AZD2171: A Highly Potent, Orally Bioavailable, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor for the Treatment of Cancer Cancer Res., May 15, 2005; 65(10): 4389 - 4400. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. R. Brown and R. N. DuBois COX-2: A Molecular Target for Colorectal Cancer Prevention J. Clin. Oncol., April 20, 2005; 23(12): 2840 - 2855. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Ferguson, L. E. Rodriguez, J. P. Palma, M. Refici, K. Jarvis, J. O'Connor, G. M. Sullivan, D. Frost, K. Marsh, J. Bauch, et al. Antitumor Activity of Orally Bioavailable Farnesyltransferase Inhibitor, ABT-100, Is Mediated by Antiproliferative, Proapoptotic, and Antiangiogenic Effects in Xenograft Models Clin. Cancer Res., April 15, 2005; 11(8): 3045 - 3054. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D.-G. Bae, T.-D. Kim, G. Li, W.-H. Yoon, and C.-B. Chae Anti-Flt1 Peptide, a Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 1-Specific Hexapeptide, Inhibits Tumor Growth and Metastasis Clin. Cancer Res., April 1, 2005; 11(7): 2651 - 2661. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Podar and K. C. Anderson The pathophysiologic role of VEGF in hematologic malignancies: therapeutic implications Blood, February 15, 2005; 105(4): 1383 - 1395. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. J. Hicklin and L. M. Ellis Role of the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Pathway in Tumor Growth and Angiogenesis J. Clin. Oncol., February 10, 2005; 23(5): 1011 - 1027. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Nakamura, A. Yamamoto, M. Kamishohara, K. Takahashi, E. Taguchi, T. Miura, K. Kubo, M. Shibuya, and T. Isoe KRN633: A selective inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 tyrosine kinase that suppresses tumor angiogenesis and growth Mol. Cancer Ther., December 1, 2004; 3(12): 1639 - 1649. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Calviello, F. Di Nicuolo, S. Gragnoli, E. Piccioni, S. Serini, N. Maggiano, G. Tringali, P. Navarra, F. O. Ranelletti, and P. Palozza n-3 PUFAs reduce VEGF expression in human colon cancer cells modulating the COX-2/PGE2 induced ERK-1 and -2 and HIF-1{alpha} induction pathway Carcinogenesis, December 1, 2004; 25(12): 2303 - 2310. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. J. Levine and D. Teegarden 1{alpha},25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol Increases the Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in C3H10T1/2 Mouse Embryo Fibroblasts J. Nutr., September 1, 2004; 134(9): 2244 - 2250. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. S. Agapova, J. L. Volodina, P. M. Chumakov, and B. P. Kopnin Activation of Ras-Ral Pathway Attenuates p53-independent DNA Damage G2 Checkpoint J. Biol. Chem., August 27, 2004; 279(35): 36382 - 36389. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. E. Spaner Amplifying cancer vaccine responses by modifying pathogenic gene programs in tumor cells J. Leukoc. Biol., August 1, 2004; 76(2): 338 - 351. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Kurzrock, M. Albitar, J. E. Cortes, E. H. Estey, S. H. Faderl, G. Garcia-Manero, D. A. Thomas, F. J. Giles, M. E. Ryback, A. Thibault, et al. Phase II Study of R115777, a Farnesyl Transferase Inhibitor, in Myelodysplastic Syndrome J. Clin. Oncol., April 1, 2004; 22(7): 1287 - 1292. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Mizukami, J. Li, X. Zhang, M. A. Zimmer, O. Iliopoulos, and D. C. Chung Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1-Independent Regulation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor by Hypoxia in Colon Cancer Cancer Res., March 1, 2004; 64(5): 1765 - 1772. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. E. Konecny, Y. G. Meng, M. Untch, H.-J. Wang, I. Bauerfeind, M. Epstein, P. Stieber, J.-M. Vernes, J. Gutierrez, K. Hong, et al. Association between HER-2/neu and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression Predicts Clinical Outcome in Primary Breast Cancer Patients Clin. Cancer Res., March 1, 2004; 10(5): 1706 - 1716. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. E. Lancet and J. E. Karp Farnesyltransferase inhibitors in hematologic malignancies: new horizons in therapy Blood, December 1, 2003; 102(12): 3880 - 3889. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. B. Brunner, S. M. Hahn, A. K. Gupta, R. J. Muschel, W. G. McKenna, and E. J. Bernhard Farnesyltransferase Inhibitors: An Overview of the Results of Preclinical and Clinical Investigations Cancer Res., September 15, 2003; 63(18): 5656 - 5668. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Zheng, C. Wasylyk, A. Ayadi, J. Abecassis, J. A Schalken, H. Rogatsch, N. Wernert, S.-M. Maira, M.-C. Multon, and B. Wasylyk The transcription factor Net regulates the angiogenic switch Genes & Dev., September 15, 2003; 17(18): 2283 - 2297. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Easwaran, S. H. Lee, L. Inge, L. Guo, C. Goldbeck, E. Garrett, M. Wiesmann, P. D. Garcia, J. H. Fuller, V. Chan, et al. {beta}-Catenin Regulates Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression in Colon Cancer Cancer Res., June 15, 2003; 63(12): 3145 - 3153. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Fukuda, B. Kelly, and G. L. Semenza Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Gene Expression in Colon Cancer Cells Exposed to Prostaglandin E2 Is Mediated by Hypoxia-inducible Factor 1 Cancer Res., May 1, 2003; 63(9): 2330 - 2334. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. M. Gardner and M. E. Olah Distinct Protein Kinase C Isoforms Mediate Regulation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression by A2A Adenosine Receptor Activation and Phorbol Esters in Pheochromocytoma PC12 Cells J. Biol. Chem., April 18, 2003; 278(17): 15421 - 15428. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Sonoda, M. Kanamori, D. F. Deen, S.-Y. Cheng, M. S. Berger, and R. O. Pieper Overexpression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Isoforms Drives Oxygenation and Growth but not Progression to Glioblastoma Multiforme in a Human Model of Gliomagenesis Cancer Res., April 15, 2003; 63(8): 1962 - 1968. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Tosato Interferon-{alpha} Is Implicated in the Transcriptional Regulation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor J Natl Cancer Inst, March 19, 2003; 95(6): 420 - 421. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Cianchi, C. Cortesini, O. Fantappie, L. Messerini, N. Schiavone, A. Vannacci, S. Nistri, I. Sardi, G. Baroni, C. Marzocca, et al. Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression in Human Colorectal Cancer: Correlation with Tumor Angiogenesis Am. J. Pathol., March 1, 2003; 162(3): 793 - 801. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Cortes, M. Albitar, D. Thomas, F. Giles, R. Kurzrock, A. Thibault, W. Rackoff, C. Koller, S. O'Brien, G. Garcia-Manero, et al. Efficacy of the farnesyl transferase inhibitor R115777 in chronic myeloid leukemia and other hematologic malignancies Blood, March 1, 2003; 101(5): 1692 - 1697. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. V. N. Lord, J. M. Park, K. Wickramasinghe, S. R. DeMeester, S. Oberg, D. Salonga, J. Singer, J. H. Peters, K. D. Danenberg, T. R. DeMeester, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor expression in esophageal adenocarcinoma and Barrett esophagus J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., February 1, 2003; 125(2): 246 - 253. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. D. Burroughs, J. Oh, J. C. Barrett, and R. P. DiAugustine Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase and Mek1/2 Are Necessary for Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I-Induced Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Synthesis in Prostate Epithelial Cells: A Role for Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1? Mol. Cancer Res., February 1, 2003; 1(4): 312 - 322. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Atlas, M. Cardillo, I. Mehmi, H. Zahedkargaran, C. Tang, and R. Lupu Heregulin Is Sufficient for the Promotion of Tumorigenicity and Metastasis of Breast Cancer Cells in Vivo Mol. Cancer Res., January 1, 2003; 1(3): 165 - 175. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. M.L. Ebos, J. Tran, Z. Master, D. Dumont, J. V. Melo, E. Buchdunger, and R. S. Kerbel Imatinib Mesylate (STI-571) Reduces Bcr-Abl-Mediated Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Secretion in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Mol. Cancer Res., December 1, 2002; 1(2): 89 - 95. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Bocci, K. C. Nicolaou, and R. S. Kerbel Protracted Low-Dose Effects on Human Endothelial Cell Proliferation and Survival in Vitro Reveal a Selective Antiangiogenic Window for Various Chemotherapeutic Drugs Cancer Res., December 1, 2002; 62(23): 6938 - 6943. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Barbera-Guillem, J. K. Nyhus, C. C. Wolford, C. R. Friece, and J. W. Sampsel Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Secretion by Tumor-infiltrating Macrophages Essentially Supports Tumor Angiogenesis, and IgG Immune Complexes Potentiate the Process Cancer Res., December 1, 2002; 62(23): 7042 - 7049. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. F. Dvorak Vascular Permeability Factor/Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor: A Critical Cytokine in Tumor Angiogenesis and a Potential Target for Diagnosis and Therapy J. Clin. Oncol., November 1, 2002; 20(21): 4368 - 4380. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Yen, N. Benlimame, Z.-R. Nie, D. Xiao, T. Wang, A.-E. A. Moustafa, H. Esumi, J. Milanini, N. E. Hynes, G. Pages, et al. Differential Regulation of Tumor Angiogenesis by Distinct ErbB Homo- and Heterodimers Mol. Biol. Cell, November 1, 2002; 13(11): 4029 - 4044. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. A. Scappaticci Mechanisms and Future Directions for Angiogenesis-Based Cancer Therapies J. Clin. Oncol., September 15, 2002; 20(18): 3906 - 3927. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. UDAGAWA, A. FERNANDEZ, E.-G. ACHILLES, J. FOLKMAN, and R. J. D'AMATO Persistence of microscopic human cancers in mice: alterations in the angiogenic balance accompanies loss of tumor dormancy FASEB J, September 1, 2002; 16(11): 1361 - 1370. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. H. Baker, D. Kedar, M. F. McCarty, R. Tsan, K. L. Weber, C. D. Bucana, and I. J. Fidler Blockade of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signaling on Tumor Cells and Tumor-Associated Endothelial Cells for Therapy of Human Carcinomas Am. J. Pathol., September 1, 2002; 161(3): 929 - 938. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. R. Wedge, D. J. Ogilvie, M. Dukes, J. Kendrew, R. Chester, J. A. Jackson, S. J. Boffey, P. J. Valentine, J. O. Curwen, H. L. Musgrove, et al. ZD6474 Inhibits Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Signaling, Angiogenesis, and Tumor Growth following Oral Administration Cancer Res., August 15, 2002; 62(16): 4645 - 4655. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Boettner and L. Van Aelst The RASputin effect Genes & Dev., August 15, 2002; 16(16): 2033 - 2038. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Gunel, M. S. H. Laurans, D. Shin, M. L. DiLuna, J. Voorhees, K. Choate, C. Nelson-Williams, and R. P. Lifton KRIT1, a gene mutated in cerebral cavernous malformation, encodes a microtubule-associated protein PNAS, August 6, 2002; 99(16): 10677 - 10682. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. F.W. Frijhoff, C. J. Conti, and A. M. Senderowicz Second Symposium of Novel Molecular Targets for Cancer Therapy Oncologist, August 1, 2002; 7(90003): 1 - 3. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. J. Conti Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor: Regulation in the Mouse Skin Carcinogenesis Model and Use in Antiangiogenesis Cancer Therapy Oncologist, August 1, 2002; 7(90003): 4 - 11. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Jussila and K. Alitalo Vascular Growth Factors and Lymphangiogenesis Physiol Rev, July 1, 2002; 82(3): 673 - 700. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. L. Casanova, F. Larcher, B. Casanova, R. Murillas, M. J. Fernandez-Acenero, C. Villanueva, J. Martinez-Palacio, A. Ullrich, C. J. Conti, and J. L. Jorcano A Critical Role for ras-mediated, Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-dependent Angiogenesis in Mouse Skin Carcinogenesis Cancer Res., June 1, 2002; 62(12): 3402 - 3407. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Rak, J. L. Yu, R. S. Kerbel, and B. L. Coomber What Do Oncogenic Mutations Have To Do with Angiogenesis/Vascular Dependence of Tumors? Cancer Res., April 1, 2002; 62(7): 1931 - 1934. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C.S. Brock and S.M. Lee Anti-angiogenic strategies and vascular targeting in the treatment of lung cancer Eur. Respir. J., March 1, 2002; 19(3): 557 - 570. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Eggert, M. A. Grotzer, N. Ikegaki, X.-g. Liu, A. E. Evans, and G. M. Brodeur Expression of the Neurotrophin Receptor TrkA Down-Regulates Expression and Function of Angiogenic Stimulators in SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells |
