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Expression of Sia26Galß14GlcNAc Residues on Sugar Chains of Glycoproteins Including Carcinoembryonic Antigens in Human Colon Adenocarcinoma: Applications of Trichosanthes japonica Agglutinin I for Early Diagnosis¹

Department of Biochemistry, Sasaki Institute, Tokyo 101 [K. Y., K. F.]; Second Department of Internal Medicine [T. S.] and Department of Anatomy [F. M.], Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890; and First Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Fukuoka University, 7-45-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-80 [M. K., Y. M.], Japan

The N-linked sugar chain structures of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) produced by liver metastases of colon cancers and the normal counterpart of CEA purified from human adult feces (NFA-2) were previously determined comparatively (K. Fukushima, T. Ohkura, M. Kanai, M. Kuroki, Y. Matsuoka, A. Kobata, and K. Yamashita. Glycobiology, 5: 105–115, 1995). Seventy-five % of NFA-2 contained complex type sugar chains with Galß13GlcNAc residues, in contrast to the sugar chains of CEA, in which over 90% of the oligosaccharides contained Galß14GlcNAc residues, and Sia26Galß14GlcNAc residues were detected in 18 to 65% of the oligosaccharides. The expression of Sia26Galß14GlcNAc residues on CEA molecules in sera and tissues was investigated using Trichosanthes japonica agglutinin I (TJA-I), which interacts with Sia26Galß14 GlcNAc residues. Ten purified CEA samples bound to a TJA-I column while seven NFA-2 samples passed through the column. Various concentrations of serum CEA samples from patients with metastatic colon cancers exclusively bound to the TJA-I column, reflecting that CEA molecules exfoliated into the blood circulation comprise sugar chains with Sia26Galß14GlcNAc residues. In histochemical studies involving biotinylated TJA-I, normal mucosa (n = 20) and benign adenomas (n = 20) were not stained, and 83% of well and moderately differentiated colon adenocarcinomas (n = 53) reacted with TJA-I, although poorly differentiated ones (n = 9) and mucinous specimens (n = 10) were negative. Because over 90% of colon adenocarcinomas can be differentiated, TJA-I staining might be applicable to the early diagnosis of colon cancers.

¹ This work was supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas 06282266 from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, Japan, and by a fund from the Central Research Institute of Fukuoka University, Japan.

² To whom requests for reprints should be addressed.

Received 10/16/94. Accepted 2/20/95.

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