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[Cancer Research 55, 1811-1816, May 1, 1995]
© 1995 American Association for Cancer Research

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Inhibition of Apoptosis during Development of Colorectal Cancer1

Atul Bedi2, Pankaj J. Pasricha, Adil J. Akhtar, James P. Barber, Gauri C. Bedi, Francis M. Giardiello, Barbara A. Zehnbauer, Stanley R. Hamilton and Richard J. Jones

Johns Hopkins Oncology Center [A. B., A. J. A., J. P. B., S. R. H., R. J. J.], Division of Gastroenterology, Departments of Medicine [P. J. P., F. M. G.], Surgery [G. C. B.], and Pathology [S. R. H.], The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, and Department of Hematology, Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110 [B. A. Z.]

Colorectal tumorigenesis proceeds through an accumulation of specific genetic alterations. Studies of the mechanism by which these genetic changes effect malignant transformation have focused on the deregulation of cell proliferation. However, colorectal epithelial homoeostasis is dependent not only on the rate of cell production but also on apoptosis, a genetically programmed process of autonomous cell death. We investigated whether colorectal tumorigenesis involved an altered susceptibility to apoptosis by examining colorectal epithelium from normal mucosa, adenomas from familial adenomatous polyposis, sporadic adenomas, and carcinomas. The transformation of colorectal epithelium to carcinomas was associated with a progressive inhibition of apoptosis. The inhibition of apoptosis in colorectal cancers may contribute to tumor growth, promote neoplastic progression, and confer resistance to cytotoxic anticancer agents.

1 This work was supported by funds from NIH Grant P30 CA06973.

2 To whom requests for reprints should be addressed, at Johns Hopkins Oncology Center, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287.

Received 12/13/94. Accepted 3/17/95.




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S. Scholzel, W. Zimmermann, G. Schwarzkopf, F. Grunert, B. Rogaczewski, and J. Thompson
Carcinoembryonic Antigen Family Members CEACAM6 and CEACAM7 Are Differentially Expressed in Normal Tissues and Oppositely Deregulated in Hyperplastic Colorectal Polyps and Early Adenomas
Am. J. Pathol., February 1, 2000; 156(2): 595 - 605.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Cancer Res.Home page
A. C. Williams, T. J. Collard, C. M. Perks, P. Newcomb, M. Moorghen, J. M. P. Holly, and C. Paraskeva
Increased p53-dependent Apoptosis by the Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein IGFBP-3 in Human Colonic Adenoma-derived Cells
Cancer Res., January 1, 2000; 60(1): 22 - 27.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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Clin. Cancer Res.Home page
K. Tanaka, S. Iwamoto, G. Gon, T. Nohara, M. Iwamoto, and N. Tanigawa
Expression of survivin and Its Relationship to Loss of Apoptosis in Breast Carcinomas
Clin. Cancer Res., January 1, 2000; 6(1): 127 - 134.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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GutHome page
J J Keller, G J A Offerhaus, M Polak, S N Goodman, M L Zahurak, L M Hylind, S R Hamilton, and F M Giardiello
Rectal epithelial apoptosis in familial adenomatous polyposis patients treated with sulindac
Gut, December 1, 1999; 45(6): 822 - 828.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Cancer Res.Home page
L. H. Augenlicht, G. M. Anthony, T. L. Church, W. Edelmann, R. Kucherlapati, K. Yang, M. Lipkin, and B. G. Heerdt
Short-Chain Fatty Acid Metabolism, Apoptosis, and Apc-initiated Tumorigenesis in the Mouse Gastrointestinal Mucosa
Cancer Res., December 1, 1999; 59(23): 6005 - 6009.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Biol. Chem.Home page
P. Sabbatini and F. McCormick
Phosphoinositide 3-OH Kinase (PI3K) and PKB/Akt Delay the Onset of p53-mediated, Transcriptionally Dependent Apoptosis
J. Biol. Chem., August 20, 1999; 274(34): 24263 - 24269.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol.Home page
Y.-Y. Fan, J. Zhang, R. Barhoumi, R. C. Burghardt, N. D. Turner, J. R. Lupton, and R. S. Chapkin
Antagonism of CD95 signaling blocks butyrate induction of apoptosis in young adult mouse colonic cells
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, August 1, 1999; 277(2): C310 - C319.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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GutHome page
L U Liu, P R Holt, V Krivosheyev, and S F Moss
Human right and left colon differ in epithelial cell apoptosis and in expression of Bak, a pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 homologue
Gut, July 1, 1999; 45(1): 45 - 50.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Clin. Cancer Res.Home page
F. A. Sinicrope, J. Hart, H.-A. Hsu, M. Lemoine, F. Michelassi, and L. C. Stephens
Apoptotic and Mitotic Indices Predict Survival Rates in Lymph Node-negative Colon Carcinomas
Clin. Cancer Res., July 1, 1999; 5(7): 1793 - 1804.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Cancer Res.Home page
C. Bernstein, H. Bernstein, H. Garewal, P. Dinning, R. Jabi, R. E. Sampliner, M. K. McCuskey, M. Panda, D. J. Roe, L. L'Heureux, et al.
A Bile Acid-induced Apoptosis Assay for Colon Cancer Risk and Associated Quality Control Studies
Cancer Res., May 1, 1999; 59(10): 2353 - 2357.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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CarcinogenesisHome page
H. Li, H. A.J. Schut, P. Conran, P. M. Kramer, R. A. Lubet, V. E. Steele, E. E. Hawk, G. J. Kelloff, and M. A. Pereira
Prevention by aspirin and its combination with {alpha}-difluoromethylornithine of azoxymethane-induced tumors, aberrant crypt foci and prostaglandin E2 levels in rat colon
Carcinogenesis, March 1, 1999; 20(3): 425 - 430.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Cancer Res.Home page
T. Kawamori, R. Lubet, V. E. Steele, G. J. Kelloff, R. B. Kaskey, and C. V. Rao
Chemopreventive Effect of Curcumin, a Naturally Occurring Anti-Inflammatory Agent, during the Promotion/Progression Stages of Colon Cancer
Cancer Res., February 1, 1999; 59(3): 597 - 601.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Cancer Res.Home page
N. N. Mahmoud, R. T. Bilinski, M. R. Churchill, W. Edelmann, R. Kucherlapati, and M. M. Bertagnolli
Genotype-Phenotype Correlation in Murine Apc Mutation: Differences in Enterocyte Migration and Response to Sulindac
Cancer Res., January 1, 1999; 59(2): 353 - 359.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Cancer Res.Home page
H. Ikawa, H. Kamitani, B. F. Calvo, J. F. Foley, and T. E. Eling
Expression of 15-Lipoxygenase-1 in Human Colorectal Cancer
Cancer Res., January 1, 1999; 59(2): 360 - 366.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Clin. Cancer Res.Home page
T. Aotake, C.-D. Lu, Y. Chiba, R. Muraok, and N. Tanigawa
Changes of Angiogenesis and Tumor Cell Apoptosis during Colorectal Carcinogenesis
Clin. Cancer Res., January 1, 1999; 5(1): 135 - 142.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Am. J. Pathol.Home page
W. Giaretti, A. Rapallo, E. Geido, A. Sciutto, F. Merlo, M. Risio, and F. P. Rossini
Specific K-ras2 Mutations in Human Sporadic Colorectal Adenomas Are Associated with DNA Near-Diploid Aneuploidy and Inhibition of Proliferation
Am. J. Pathol., October 1, 1998; 153(4): 1201 - 1209.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Nutr.Home page
J. Zhang, G. Wu, R. S. Chapkin, and J. R. Lupton
Energy Metabolism of Rat Colonocytes Changes during the Tumorigenic Process and Is Dependent on Diet and Carcinogen
J. Nutr., August 1, 1998; 128(8): 1262 - 1269.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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J. Nutr.Home page
W.-C. L. Chang, R. S. Chapkin, and J. R. Lupton
Fish Oil Blocks Azoxymethane-Induced Rat Colon Tumorigenesis by Increasing Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis Rather Than Decreasing Cell Proliferation
J. Nutr., March 1, 1998; 128(3): 491 - 497.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol.Home page
B. A. Jones and G. J. Gores
Physiology and pathophysiology of apoptosis in epithelial cells of the liver, pancreas, and intestine
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, December 1, 1997; 273(6): G1174 - G1188.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
R. A. Brodsky, M. S. Vala, J. P. Barber, M. E. Medof, and R. J. Jones
Resistance to apoptosis caused by PIG-A gene mutations in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
PNAS, August 5, 1997; 94(16): 8756 - 8760.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
J. A. Houghton, F. G. Harwood, and D. M. Tillman
Thymineless death in colon carcinoma cells is mediated via Fas signaling
PNAS, July 22, 1997; 94(15): 8144 - 8149.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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JCBHome page
C. M. Coopersmith, C. Chandrasekaran, M. S. McNevin, and J. I. Gordon
Bi-transgenic Mice Reveal that K-rasVal12 Augments a p53-independent Apoptosis When Small Intestinal Villus Enterocytes Reenter the Cell Cycle
J. Cell Biol., July 14, 1997; 138(1): 167 - 179.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Arch SurgHome page
N. Katada, R. A. Hinder, T. C. Smyrk, N. Hirabayashi, G. Perdikis, R. J. Lund, T. Woodward, and P. J. Klingler
Apoptosis Is Inhibited Early in the Dysplasia-Carcinoma Sequence of Barrett Esophagus
Arch Surg, July 1, 1997; 132(7): 728 - 733.
[Abstract] [PDF]


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J. Biol. Chem.Home page
E. Miyoshi, S. Higashiyama, T. Nakagawa, N. Hayashi, and N. Taniguchi
Membrane-anchored Heparin-binding Epidermal Growth Factor-like Growth Factor Acts as a Tumor Survival Factor in a Hepatoma Cell Line
J. Biol. Chem., May 30, 1997; 272(22): 14349 - 14355.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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JCBHome page
R. A. Screaton, L. Z. Penn, and C. P. Stanners
Carcinoembryonic Antigen, a Human Tumor Marker, Cooperates with Myc and Bcl-2 in Cellular Transformation
J. Cell Biol., May 19, 1997; 137(4): 939 - 952.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]




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