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Up-Regulation of the Oligosaccharide Sialyl Lewis^X: A New Prognostic Parameter in Metastatic Prostate Cancer¹

Departments of Pathology [T. J., A. B., H. E. D., M. B.] and Biophysics [O. K.], The Norwegian Radium Hospital, and Institute for Cancer Research, Montebello, N-0310; and Department of Urology, Ullevaal Hospital [K. J. T.], Oslo, Norway

Metastatic prostate cancer has an unpredictable long-term prognosis. At present, there are few specific predictors to indicate the outcome for the individual patient. We have studied immunoreactivity for type-2 carbohydrate structures, known to be involved in various cell adhesion processes, in patients with metastatic prostate cancer. One group of patients (n = 26) did not progress within 3 years after orchiectomy, while another group of patients (n = 33) progressed within 1 year following castration and survived less than 2 years. Among the parameters studied, sialyl Lewis^X carbohydrate up-regulation was the only variable showing significant association with poor prognosis (P < 0.01). Sialyl Lewis^X discriminated between these two outcome groups with 71% predictability and 96% specificity. Our results indicate that up-regulation of sialyl Lewis^X is associated with hormonal-resistant, aggressive disease. This prognostic marker may, therefore, have an important role in selecting proper treatment for patients with metastatic prostate cancer.

¹ This work was supported by the Norwegian Cancer Society.

² To whom requests for reprints should be addressed.

Received 2/ 3/95. Accepted 3/20/95.

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