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Binding Characteristics of Seven Inhibitors of Human Aromatase: A Site-directed Mutagenesis Study¹

Division of Immunology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010 [Y-C. K., L. L. C., D. Z., S. C.], and CRC Biomolecular Structure Unit, Institute of Cancer Research [C. A. L.], Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, United Kingdom

Aromatase, a cytochrome P450, catalyzes three consecutive hydroxylation reactions converting C19 androgens to aromatic C18 estrogenic steroids. In this study, eight human aromatase mutants (I133Y, I133W, F235L, I395F, I474Y, I474W, I474M, and I474N) were prepared to evaluate the active site and a proposed hydrophobic pocket of the enzyme that exists in an aromatase model based on the X-ray structure of cytochrome P450cam. In addition, the binding characteristics of three steroidal inhibitors [4-hydroxyandrostenedione, 7-(4'-amino)phenylthio-1,4-androstandiene-1,4-androstandiene-3,17-dione, and bridge (2,19-methyleneoxy)androstene-3,17-dione (MDL 101,003)] and four nonsteroidal inhibitors [aminoglutethimide, CGS 20267, ICI D1033, and vorozole (R83842)] were investigated through inhibitory profile studies on the eight new and three previously generated mutants (P308F, D309A, and T310S). The latter analyses have provided a molecular basis regarding how seven aromatase inhibitors with different structures bind to the active site of aromatase.

¹ This research was supported by American Cancer Society Grant BE-192, NIH Grants CA44735 and CA33572, and the Cancer Research Campaign of Great Britain.

² To whom requests for reprints should be addressed. Phone: (818) 359-8111, ext. 2601; Fax: (818) 301-8186.

Received 1/26/96. Accepted 5/23/96.

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