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Apoptosis Induced by X-Irradiation of rec-myc Cells Is Postmitotic and not Predicted by the Time after Irradiation or Behavior of Sister Cells¹

Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143 [C. A. V., W. C. D.], and Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021 [C. H. C., C. C. L.]

Rat embryo cells expressing the c-myc oncogene (rec-myc) were studied by time-lapse microscopy to determine whether radiation-induced apoptosis occurred before or after mitosis. Following X-irradiation with 9.5 Gy, cells were imaged every 3 min for 6 days. Episodes of apoptotic blebbing were very consistent from cell to cell, lasting 30–60 min, followed by cessation of movement and cell death. In contrast, the time of initiation of apoptotic blebbing was unpredictable. At least 96% of the apoptotic episodes were postmitotic, after one to four cell divisions and 2–97 h after a given division. Sister cells often behaved differently from one another, with apoptosis in one sister occurring many h or several divisions after apoptosis in the other. Thus, the onset of radiation-induced apoptosis in rec-myc cells is not strictly programmed but may result from the segregation of chromosome aberrations in the postirradiation generations.

¹ This research was supported by National Cancer Institute Grants CA61019 and CA31808, as well as University of California Cancer Research Coordinating Committee funds.

² To whom requests for reprints should be addressed, at 1855 Folsom Street, Room 200, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94103-0806.

Received 6/10/96. Accepted 7/31/96.

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