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Mutations in the Human Homologue of Drosophila patched (PTCH) in Basal Cell Carcinomas and the Gorlin Syndrome: Different in Vivo Mechanisms of PTCH Inactivation¹

Anne Birgitte Unden², Erika Holmberg², Barbro Lundh-Rozell, Mona Ståhle-Bäckdahl, Peter G. Zaphiropoulos, Rune Toftgård and Igor Voechovsky³

Karolinska Institute, Department of Biosciences at Novum, Center for Nutrition and Toxicology, S-14157 Huddinge, Sweden [A. B. U., E. U., P. G. Z., R. T., I. V.]; Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, University of London, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom [I. V.]; Department of Pathology, Huddinge Hospital, S-14186 Huddinge, Sweden [B. L-R.]; and Department of Dermatology, Karolinska Hospital, S-17176 Stockholm, Sweden [M. S-B., A. B. U.]

The nevold basal cell carcinoma (Gorlin) syndrome (NBCCS) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by multiple developmental defects and cancer susceptibility, in particular to basal cell carcinoma. The human homologue of Drosophila patched (PTCH) was recently identified, mapped to the NBCCS locus on chromosome 9q22.3, and found mutated in patients with NBCCS and also in sporadic basal cell carcinomas. Here we show germ-line PTCH mutations in three families with NBCCS. We demonstrate that a germ-line PTCH frameshift deletion in one patient with NBCCS was accompanied by loss of the normal copy of PTCH in a tumor developed in the same patient. Another basal cell carcinoma from this patient did not show the loss of the normal copy of PTCH, instead a missense mutation in a highly conserved residue was identified in the nondeleted allele, illustrating two different mechanisms of PTCH inactivation in different tumors derived from the same NBCCS patient. We also show somatic PTCH mutations in 4 basal cell carcinomas identified by analyzing 18 non-NBCCS patients with sporadic tumors. These data provide further support for PTCH as an important tumor suppressor gene in the development of the most common human cancer.

¹ This work was supported by the Karolinska Institute, the Welander-Finsen Foundation, the Swedish Radiation Protection Institute, the Swedish Cancer Fund, and the British Medical Research Council.

² The first two authors contributed equally to this study.

³ To whom requests for reprints should be addressed. Phone: 46 8 6089269; Fax: 46 8 7745538; E-mail: igor.vorechovsky@csb.ki.se.

Received 7/12/96. Accepted 8/29/96.

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