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Transformation in Vitro of a Nontumorigenic Rat Urothelial Cell Line by Hydrogen Peroxide¹

Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611 [M. O., K. K., R. O.], and Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin 53792 [C. A. R.]

Chronic infection/inflammation of the urinary tract is a significant risk factor for the development of bladder cancer. The present study examined the hypothesis that hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and cytokines released during inflammation are involved in the enhancement of bladder carcinogenesis. Using growth in soft agar and tumorigenicity in athymic nude mice as indices of transformation, we examined the effect of H₂O₂ and cytokines on the enhancement of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-initiated transformation of MYP3 cells, an anchorage-dependent nontumorigenic rat bladder epithelial cell line. MYP3 cells pretreated with or without MNU were exposed to H₂O₂ (0.001 to 0.1 mM) daily for 1 week in monolayer culture and were then tested for growth in soft agar. A marked increase in colony numbers was observed in the cells that were MNU-initiated and exposed to H₂O₂ (P < 0.01). Furthermore, H₂O₂ exposure alone at 0.01 mM or 0.1 mM caused colony formation in soft agar. The transformants induced by MNU plus H₂O₂ or H₂O₂ alone formed high-grade transitional cell carcinomas when injected into nude mice. The growth of these transformants was stimulated by several cytokines (interleukin 1, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor-) better than the parental cells both on a plastic surface and in soft agar. Our results indicate that H₂O₂ causes genetic change(s) to induce tumorigenic conversion in urothelial cells and that the transformants are stimulated to grow because of their selective response to several cytokines. We suggest that these mechanisms may be involved in the in vivo carcinogenesis associated with chronic with chronic urinary tract infection.

¹ This study was supported by NIH Grants CA14649, CA29525, CA33511, and CA67158, the Joseph L. Mayberry Sr. research funds, and Northwestern University Medical School Faculty Foundation research funds.

² To whom requests for reprints should be addressed, at Department of Pathology, Tarry 7-751, Northwestern University Medical School, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611-3008.

Received 3/11/96. Accepted 8/14/96.

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