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Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and Kimmel Cancer Institute, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107 [N. M. R., J. Z., T. F-A., G. L., E. S. A.], and Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 [P. D. F.]
Recent evidence suggests that members of the interleukin-1-ß-converting enzyme (ICE)/Ced-3 family are key mediators of mammalian apoptosis. The known members of the ICE/Ced-3 cysteine protease family are synthesized as proenzymes and require proteolytic processing to produce active, heterodimeric enzymes. The baculovirus protein P35 has recently been shown to inhibit several members of the ICE/Ced-3 cysteine protease family. The importance of ICE/Ced-3 cysteine proteases in programmed cell death prompted us to investigate the role of the apoptotic mediator, CPP32, in the glucocorticoid-mediated cell death pathway. Glucocorticoids induce growth inhibition and apoptosis in sensitive leukemic cell lines, immature thymocytes, and eosinophils. In this report, we demonstrate the enzymatic cleavage of proCPP32 to its active subunits in cells undergoing glucocorticoid-induced apoptotic cell death. Concurrently, in apoptotic cells, PARP, a 116-kilodalton (kDa) human poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, is proteolytically cleaved to its signature 85-kDa fragment. The proteolytic processing of PARP (the nuclear DNA repair enzyme known to be cleaved in association with apoptosis) is catalyzed by members of the ICE/Ced-3 family. Importantly, stable transfection of the antiapoptotic baculovirus P35 inhibits glucocorticoid-induced apoptotic cell death, proteolytic processing of proCPP32, and cleavage of the 116-kDa PARP. We conclude that activation of CPP32 is a critical event in glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis and that this pathway is inhibited at or upstream of CPP32 by baculovirus P35. These data demonstrate that PARP cleavage occurs during glucocorticoid-induced apoptotic cell death and show that this proteolytic process is blocked by the expression of baculovirus P35, supporting a role for activation of the ICE/Ced-3-like cysteine protease during glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis.
1 Supported by Research grant AI35035-03 and DK44441-03 from the National Institutes of Health (to G. L.).
2 To whom requests for reprints should be addressed, at Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Kimmel Cancer Institute, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Bluemle Life Sciences Building, 233 South 10th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107. Phone: (215) 955-4634; Fax: (215) 923-1098.
Received 8/ 5/96. Accepted 11/ 1/96.
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