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[Cancer Research 57, 3537-3547, August 15, 1997]
© 1997 American Association for Cancer Research

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Analysis of Expression of cMOAT (MRP2), MRP3, MRP4, and MRP5, Homologues of the Multidrug Resistance-associated Protein Gene (MRP1), in Human Cancer Cell Lines1

Marcel Kool, Marcel de Haas, George L. Scheffer, Rik J. Scheper, Michiel J.T. van Eijk, Jenneke A. Juijn, Frank Baas and Piet Borst2

Division of Molecular Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam [M. K., M. d. H., P. B.]; Department of Pathology, Free University Hospital, 1081 HV Amsterdam [G. L. S., R. J. S.]; Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, 3501 CA Utrecht [M. J. T. v. E., J. A. J.]; and Department of Neurology, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam [F. B.], the Netherlands

By screening databases of human expressed sequence tags, we have identified three new homologues of MRP1, the gene encoding the multidrug resistance-associated protein, and cMOAT (or MRP2), the canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter gene. We call these new genes MRP3, MRP4, and MRP5. MRP3, like cMOAT, is mainly expressed in the liver. MRP4 is expressed only at very low levels in a few tissues, and MRP5, like MRP1, is expressed in almost every tissue tested. To assess a possible role of these new MRP homologues in multidrug or cisplatin resistance, a large set of resistant cell lines was examined for the (over)expression of MRP1, cMOAT, MRP3, MRP4, and MRP5. We find that even in cells selected for a low level of resistance, several MRP-related genes can be up-regulated simultaneously. However, MRP4 is not overexpressed in any of the cell lines we analyzed; MRP3 and MRP5 are only overexpressed in a few cell lines, and the RNA levels do not seem to correlate with resistance to either doxorubicin or cisplatin. cMOAT is substantially overexpressed in several cell lines, and cMOAT RNA levels correlate with cisplatin but not doxorubicin resistance in a subset of resistant cell lines. Our results emphasize the need for gene-specific blocks in gene expression to define which transporter contributes to resistance in each resistant cell line.

1 This work was supported by a grant from the Dutch Cancer Society (to F. B. and P. B.).

2 To whom requests for reprints should be addressed. Phone: 31-20-5122880; Fax: 31-20-6691383.

Received 1/27/97. Accepted 6/11/97.




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M. Maliepaard, G. L. Scheffer, I. F. Faneyte, M. A. van Gastelen, A. C. L. M. Pijnenborg, A. H. Schinkel, M. J. van de Vijver, R. J. Scheper, and J. H. M. Schellens
Subcellular Localization and Distribution of the Breast Cancer Resistance Protein Transporter in Normal Human Tissues
Cancer Res., April 1, 2001; 61(8): 3458 - 3464.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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JNCI J Natl Cancer InstHome page
K. Lee, A. J. P. Klein-Szanto, and G. D. Kruh
Analysis of the MRP4 Drug Resistance Profile in Transfected NIH3T3 Cells
J Natl Cancer Inst, December 6, 2000; 92(23): 1934 - 1940.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Am. J. Pathol.Home page
M. F. Fromm, H.-M. Kauffmann, P. Fritz, O. Burk, H. K. Kroemer, R. W. Warzok, M. Eichelbaum, W. Siegmund, and D. Schrenk
The Effect of Rifampin Treatment on Intestinal Expression of Human MRP Transporters
Am. J. Pathol., November 1, 2000; 157(5): 1575 - 1580.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.Home page
R. A. Walgren, K. J. Karnaky Jr., G. E. Lindenmayer, and T. Walle
Efflux of Dietary Flavonoid Quercetin 4'-beta -Glucoside across Human Intestinal Caco-2 Cell Monolayers by Apical Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein-2
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., September 1, 2000; 294(3): 830 - 836.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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Cancer Res.Home page
H. Zeng, G. Liu, P. A. Rea, and G. D. Kruh
Transport of Amphipathic Anions by Human Multidrug Resistance Protein 3
Cancer Res., September 1, 2000; 60(17): 4779 - 4784.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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Cancer Res.Home page
G. L. Scheffer, M. Kool, M. Heijn, Marcel de Haas, A. C. L. M. Pijnenborg, J. Wijnholds, A. van Helvoort, M. C. de Jong, J. H. Hooijberg, C. A. A. M. Mol, et al.
Specific Detection of Multidrug Resistance Proteins MRP1, MRP2, MRP3, MRP5, and MDR3 P-Glycoprotein with a Panel of Monoclonal Antibodies
Cancer Res., September 1, 2000; 60(18): 5269 - 5277.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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Clin. Cancer Res.Home page
F. M. Sirotnak, H. G. Wendel, W. G. B. Bornmann, W. P. Tong, V. A. Miller, H. I. Scher, and M. G. Kris
Co-administration of Probenecid, an Inhibitor of a cMOAT/MRP- like Plasma Membrane ATPase, Greatly Enhanced the Efficacy of a New 10-Deazaaminopterin against Human Solid Tumors in Vivo
Clin. Cancer Res., September 1, 2000; 6(9): 3705 - 3712.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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JNCI J Natl Cancer InstHome page
P. Borst, R. Evers, M. Kool, and J. Wijnholds
A Family of Drug Transporters: the Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins
J Natl Cancer Inst, August 16, 2000; 92(16): 1295 - 1302.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol.Home page
R. A. M. H. Van Aubel, R. Masereeuw, and F. G. M. Russel
Molecular pharmacology of renal organic anion transporters
Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, August 1, 2000; 279(2): F216 - F232.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.Home page
K. Terashi, M. Oka, H. Soda, M. Fukuda, S. Kawabata, K. Nakatomi, K. Shiozawa, T. Nakamura, K. Tsukamoto, Y. Noguchi, et al.
Interactions of Ofloxacin and Erythromycin with the Multidrug Resistance Protein (MRP) in MRP-Overexpressing Human Leukemia Cells
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., June 1, 2000; 44(6): 1697 - 1700.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.Home page
A. D. Mottino, T. Hoffman, L. Jennes, and M. Vore
Expression and Localization of Multidrug Resistant Protein mrp2 in Rat Small Intestine
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., June 1, 2000; 293(3): 717 - 723.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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Clin. Cancer Res.Home page
E. Hinoshita, T. Uchiumi, K.-i. Taguchi, N. Kinukawa, M. Tsuneyoshi, Y. Maehara, K. Sugimachi, and M. Kuwano
Increased Expression of an ATP-binding Cassette Superfamily Transporter, Multidrug Resistance Protein 2, in Human Colorectal Carcinomas
Clin. Cancer Res., June 1, 2000; 6(6): 2401 - 2407.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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BloodHome page
D. M. van der Kolk, E. Vellenga, A. Y. van der Veen, L. Noordhoek, H. Timmer-Bosscha, G. J. Ossenkoppele, R. A. Raymakers, M. Muller, E. van den Berg, and E. G. E. de Vries
Deletion of the multidrug resistance protein MRP1 gene in acute myeloid leukemia: the impact on MRP activity
Blood, June 1, 2000; 95(11): 3514 - 3519.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol.Home page
T. Cantz, A. T. Nies, M. Brom, A. F. Hofmann, and D. Keppler
MRP2, a human conjugate export pump, is present and transports fluo 3 into apical vacuoles of Hep G2 cells
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, April 1, 2000; 278(4): G522 - G531.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Mol. Pharmacol.Home page
E. Bakos, R. Evers, E. Sinkó, A. Váradi, P. Borst, and B. Sarkadi
Interactions of the Human Multidrug Resistance Proteins MRP1 and MRP2 with Organic Anions
Mol. Pharmacol., April 1, 2000; 57(4): 760 - 768.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol.Home page
K. Ogawa, H. Suzuki, T. Hirohashi, T. Ishikawa, P. J. Meier, K. Hirose, T. Akizawa, M. Yoshioka, and Y. Sugiyama
Characterization of inducible nature of MRP3 in rat liver
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, March 1, 2000; 278(3): G438 - G446.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Mol. Pharmacol.Home page
J. Madon, B. Hagenbuch, L. Landmann, P. J. Meier, and B. Stieger
Transport Function and Hepatocellular Localization of mrp6 in Rat Liver
Mol. Pharmacol., March 1, 2000; 57(3): 634 - 641.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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J. Biol. Chem.Home page
T. Hirohashi, H. Suzuki, H. Takikawa, and Y. Sugiyama
ATP-dependent Transport of Bile Salts by Rat Multidrug Resistance-associated Protein 3 (Mrp3)
J. Biol. Chem., January 28, 2000; 275(4): 2905 - 2910.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.Home page
T. Hirohashi, H. Suzuki, X.-Y. Chu, I. Tamai, A. Tsuji, and Y. Sugiyama
Function and Expression of Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein Family in Human Colon Adenocarcinoma Cells (Caco-2)
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., January 1, 2000; 292(1): 265 - 270.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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Cancer Res.Home page
H. Zeng, L. J. Bain, M. G. Belinsky, and G. D. Kruh
Expression of Multidrug Resistance Protein-3 (Multispecific Organic Anion Transporter-D) in Human Embryonic Kidney 293 Cells Confers Resistance to Anticancer Agents
Cancer Res., December 1, 1999; 59(23): 5964 - 5967.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Mol. Pharmacol.Home page
Z.-S. Chen, T. Kawabe, M. Ono, S. Aoki, T. Sumizawa, T. Furukawa, T. Uchiumi, M. Wada, M. Kuwano, and S.-I. Akiyama
Effect of Multidrug Resistance-Reversing Agents on Transporting Activity of Human Canalicular Multispecific Organic Anion Transporter
Mol. Pharmacol., December 1, 1999; 56(6): 1219 - 1228.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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Mol. Pharmacol.Home page
R. A. M. H. Van Aubel, J. B. Koenderink, J. G. P. Peters, C. H. Van Os, and F. G. M. Russel
Mechanisms and Interaction of Vinblastine and Reduced Glutathione Transport in Membrane Vesicles by the Rabbit Multidrug Resistance Protein Mrp2 Expressed in Insect Cells
Mol. Pharmacol., October 1, 1999; 56(4): 714 - 719.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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Clin. Cancer Res.Home page
H. J. G. Arts, D. Katsaros, E. G. E. de Vries, M. Massobrio, F. Genta, S. Danese, R. Arisio, R. J. Scheper, M. Kool, G. L. Scheffer, et al.
Drug Resistance-associated Markers P-Glycoprotein, Multidrug Resistance-associated Protein 1, Multidrug Resistance-associated Protein 2, and Lung Resistance Protein as Prognostic Factors in Ovarian Carcinoma
Clin. Cancer Res., October 1, 1999; 5(10): 2798 - 2805.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.Home page
H. Ishizuka, K. Konno, T. Shiina, H. Naganuma, K. Nishimura, K. Ito, H. Suzuki, and Y. Sugiyama
Species Differences in the Transport Activity for Organic Anions across the Bile Canalicular Membrane
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., September 1, 1999; 290(3): 1324 - 1330.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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Cancer Res.Home page
M. Maliepaard, M. A. van Gastelen, L. A. de Jong, D. Pluim, R. C. A. M. van Waardenburg, M. C. Ruevekamp-Helmers, B. G. J. Floot, and J. H. M. Schellens
Overexpression of the BCRP/MXR/ABCP Gene in a Topotecan-selected Ovarian Tumor Cell Line
Cancer Res., September 1, 1999; 59(18): 4559 - 4563.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Biol. Chem.Home page
M. A. McAleer, M. A. Breen, N. L. White, and N. Matthews
pABC11 (Also Known as MOAT-C and MRP5), a Member of the ABC Family of Proteins, Has Anion Transporter Activity but Does Not Confer Multidrug Resistance When Overexpressed in Human Embryonic Kidney 293 Cells
J. Biol. Chem., August 13, 1999; 274(33): 23541 - 23548.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Drug Metab. Dispos.Home page
M. Cvetkovic, B. Leake, M. F. Fromm, G. R. Wilkinson, and R. B. Kim
OATP and P-Glycoprotein Transporters Mediate the Cellular Uptake and Excretion of Fexofenadine
Drug Metab. Dispos., August 1, 1999; 27(8): 866 - 871.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.Home page
A. H. Dantzig, R. L. Shepard, K. L. Law, L. Tabas, S. Pratt, J. S. Gillespie, S. N. Binkley, M. T. Kuhfeld, J. J. Starling, and S. A. Wrighton
Selectivity of the Multidrug Resistance Modulator, LY335979, for P-Glycoprotein and Effect on Cytochrome P-450 Activities
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., August 1, 1999; 290(2): 854 - 862.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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J. Neurosci.Home page
N. Strazielle and J.-F. Ghersi-Egea
Demonstration of a Coupled Metabolism-Efflux Process at the Choroid Plexus as a Mechanism of Brain Protection Toward Xenobiotics
J. Neurosci., August 1, 1999; 19(15): 6275 - 6289.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Clin. Cancer Res.Home page
J. Lankelma, H. Dekker, R. Fernandez Luque, S. Luykx, K. Hoekman, P. v. d. Valk, P. J. van Diest, and H. M. Pinedo
Doxorubicin Gradients in Human Breast Cancer
Clin. Cancer Res., July 1, 1999; 5(7): 1703 - 1707.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
M. Kool, M. van der Linden, M. de Haas, G. L. Scheffer, J. M. L. de Vree, A. J. Smith, G. Jansen, G. J. Peters, N. Ponne, R. J. Scheper, et al.
MRP3, an organic anion transporter able to transport anti-cancer drugs
PNAS, June 8, 1999; 96(12): 6914 - 6919.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol.Home page
D. F. Ortiz, S. Li, R. Iyer, X. Zhang, P. Novikoff, and I. M. Arias
MRP3, a new ATP-binding cassette protein localized to the canalicular domain of the hepatocyte
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, June 1, 1999; 276(6): G1493 - G1500.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Cancer Res.Home page
J. H. Hooijberg, H. J. Broxterman, M. Kool, Y. G. Assaraf, G. J. Peters, P. Noordhuis, R. J. Scheper, P. Borst, H. M. Pinedo, and G. Jansen
Antifolate Resistance Mediated by the Multidrug Resistance Proteins MRP1 and MRP2
Cancer Res., June 1, 1999; 59(11): 2532 - 2535.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Am. Soc. Nephrol.Home page
T. P. SCHAUB, J. KARTENBECK, J. KÖNIG, H. SPRING, J. DÖRSAM, G. STAEHLER, S. STÖRKEL, W. F. THON, and D. KEPPLER
Expression of the MRP2 Gene-Encoded Conjugate Export Pump in Human Kidney Proximal Tubules and in Renal Cell Carcinoma
J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., June 1, 1999; 10(6): 1159 - 1169.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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J. Biol. Chem.Home page
T. Hirohashi, H. Suzuki, and Y. Sugiyama
Characterization of the Transport Properties of Cloned Rat Multidrug Resistance-associated Protein 3 (MRP3)
J. Biol. Chem., May 21, 1999; 274(21): 15181 - 15185.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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JNCI J Natl Cancer InstHome page
S. P. C. Cole
Re: Characterization of MOAT-C and MOAT-D, New Members of the MRP/cMOAT Subfamily of Transporter Proteins
J Natl Cancer Inst, May 19, 1999; 91(10): 888 - 888.
[Full Text] [PDF]


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JNCI J Natl Cancer InstHome page
G. D. Kruh and M. G. Belinsky
RESPONSE: Re: Characterization of MOAT-C and MOAT-D, New Members' of the MRP/cMOAT Subfamily of Transporter Proteins
J Natl Cancer Inst, May 19, 1999; 91(10): 888a - 889a.
[Full Text] [PDF]


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Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol.Home page
K. Niinuma, Y. Kato, H. Suzuki, C. A. Tyson, V. Weizer, J. E. Dabbs, R. Froehlich, C. E. Green, and Y. Sugiyama
Primary active transport of organic anions on bile canalicular membrane in humans
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, May 1, 1999; 276(5): G1153 - G1164.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Cancer Res.Home page
N. H. Hendrikse, E. G. E. de Vries, L. Eriks-Fluks, W. T. A. van der Graaf, G. A. P. Hospers, A. T. M. Willemsen, W. Vaalburg, and E. J. F. Franssen
A New in Vivo Method to Study P-Glycoprotein Transport in Tumors and the Blood-Brain Barrier
Cancer Res., May 1, 1999; 59(10): 2411 - 2416.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]




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