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Biometry Branch [M. P. F., L. S. F.] and Diet and Cancer Branch [C. K. C.], Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. and Information Management Services, Inc., Silver Spring, Maryland 20902 [D. N. M.]
We performed a meta-analysis on data extracted from 97 reports of experiments, involving a total of 12,803 mice or rats, studying the effect on mammary tumor incidence of different types of dietary fatty acids. Fatty acids were categorized into saturated, monounsaturated, n-6 polyunsaturated, and n-3 polyunsaturated. We modeled the relation between tumor incidence and percentage of total calories from these fatty acids using conditional logistic regression and allowing for varying effects between experiments, and for each fatty acid we estimated the effect of substituting the fatty acid calories for nonfat calories. Our results show that n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have a strong tumor-enhancing effect and that saturated fats have a weaker tumor-enhancing effect. The n-3 PUFAs have a small protective effect that is not statistically significant. There is no significant effect of monounsaturated fats. n-6 PUFAs have a stronger tumor-enhancing effect at levels under 4% of total calories, but an effect is still present at intake levels greater than 4% of calories. In addition, when the intake of n-6 PUFAs is at least 4% of calories, the n-6 PUFA effect remains stronger than the saturated fat effect.
1 To whom requests for reprints should be addressed, at Biometry Branch, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Cancer Institute, Executive Plaza North, Suite 344, 6130 Executive Blvd. MSC 7354, Bethesda, MD 20892-7354.
Received 3/14/97. Accepted 7/14/97.
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