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Charles A. Dana Division of Human Cancer Genetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 [M. F. K., G. M. G., R. K.], and Departments of Pathology [M. L. J. L. R. M., H. G.] and Surgery [J. M. J.], Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
Somatic mutations in DNA mismatch repair genes have been observed in sporadic tumors as well as cell lines and xenografts derived from such tumors implicating genetic defects of mismatch repair genes in the development of such tumors. However, the proportion of sporadic tumors in which mismatch repair genes have been inactivated has not been determined accurately. We have analyzed 66 sporadic colorectal tumors for the expression of hMLH1 by immunohistochemistry and identified 4 tumors that do not express hMLH1. These four colorectal tumors, a colon tumor cell line (SW48) and an endometrial tumor cell line (AN3CA), did not express hMLH1, despite the absence of mutations in its coding sequence. Cytosine methlation of the hMLH1 promoter region was found in these four colorectal tumors, whereas cytosine methylation of the hMLH1 promoter region was absent in adjacent normal tissue or in nine tumors that expressed hMLH1. In addition, cytosine methylation of the hMLH1 promoter region was observed in the SW48 and AN3CA cell lines that do not express hMLH1 but not in four tumor cell lines known to express hMLH1 mRNA. Our data indicate that DNA methylation is likely to be a common mode of mismatch repair gene inactivation in sporadic tumors.
1 Supported by NIH Grants CA67151 (to R. K.), CA44704 (to R. K., J. M. J., M. L., and H. G.), CA06516 (Dana-Farber Cancer Institute), and funds from the Starr Foundation (to R. K.).
2 To whom requests for reprints should be addressed, at the Charles A. Dana Division of Human Cancer Genetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115; Phone: (617) 632-3806; Fax: (617) 632-4326.
Received 12/13/96. Accepted 1/15/97.
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