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CD8⁺ T Cells Infiltrated within Cancer Cell Nests as a Prognostic Factor in Human Colorectal Cancer

Departments of Pathology [Y. N., K. Sait., H. N., H. O.] and Surgery I [K. Sh.], Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575; Department of Surgery, Tohoku Rosai Hospital, Sendai [A. O.]; and Department of Internal Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa [K. Saig.], Japan

The pathophysiological significance of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes remains controversial. To clarify their role, we performed clinicopathological analysis of CD8⁺ T cells in 131 cases of human colorectal cancer. CD8⁺ T cells were classified into three groups by their localization: (a) those infiltrated within cancer cell nests; (b) those distributed in the cancer stroma; and (c) those present along the invasive margin (tumor-host interface). Of these, CD8⁺ T cells within cancer cell nests were most significantly associated with a better survival of patients by both mono- and multivariate analyses. The impact on survival was similar to that of Dukes' staging. Granzyme B⁺ cytoplasmic granules were detected in lymphocytes within cancer cell nests, confirming their activated, cytotoxic phenotype. CD8 and Ki-67 double immunohistochemistry confirmed higher proliferative activity of CD8⁺ T cells within cancer cell nests. Our data suggested that human colorectal cancer tissue was infiltrated by various numbers of T cells that had cytotoxic phenotype, contributing to a better survival of patients. This infiltration of colorectal cancer cell nests by CD8⁺ T cells could be a novel prognostic factor.

¹ To whom requests for reprints should be addressed, at Department of Pathology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ward, Sendai 980-8575, Japan. Phone: 81-22-717-8049; Fax: 81-22-717-8053; E-mail: hohtani@patholo2.med.tohoku.ac.jp.

Received 6/ 3/98. Accepted 7/13/98.

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				N. Sadanaga, H. Nagashima, K. Mashino, K. Tahara, H. Yamaguchi, M. Ohta, T. Fujie, F. Tanaka, H. Inoue, K. Takesako, et al. Dendritic Cell Vaccination with MAGE Peptide Is A Novel Therapeutic Approach for Gastrointestinal Carcinomas Clin. Cancer Res., August 1, 2001; 7(8): 2277 - 2284. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				O. Nakano, M. Sato, Y. Naito, K. Suzuki, S. Orikasa, M. Aizawa, Y. Suzuki, I. Shintaku, H. Nagura, and H. Ohtani Proliferative Activity of Intratumoral CD8+ T-Lymphocytes As a Prognostic Factor in Human Renal Cell Carcinoma: Clinicopathologic Demonstration of Antitumor Immunity Cancer Res., July 1, 2001; 61(13): 5132 - 5136. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. M. Cairns, J. R. Gordon, F. Li, M. E. Baca-Estrada, T. Moyana, and J. Xiang Lymphotactin Expression by Engineered Myeloma Cells Drives Tumor Regression: Mediation by CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells and Neutrophils Expressing XCR1 Receptor J. Immunol., July 1, 2001; 167(1): 57 - 65. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Guidoboni, R. Gafa, A. Viel, C. Doglioni, A. Russo, A. Santini, L. Del Tin, E. Macri, G. Lanza, M. Boiocchi, et al. Microsatellite Instability and High Content of Activated Cytotoxic Lymphocytes Identify Colon Cancer Patients with a Favorable Prognosis Am. J. Pathol., July 1, 2001; 159(1): 297 - 304. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Schumacher, W. Haensch, C. Röefzaad, and P. M. Schlag Prognostic Significance of Activated CD8+ T Cell Infiltrations within Esophageal Carcinomas Cancer Res., May 1, 2001; 61(10): 3932 - 3936. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				J M Michael-Robinson, A-E Biemer-Huttmann, D M Purdie, M D Walsh, L A Simms, K G Biden, J P Young, B A Leggett, J R Jass, and G L Radford-Smith Tumour infiltrating lymphocytes and apoptosis are independent features in colorectal cancer stratified according to microsatellite instability status Gut, March 1, 2001; 48(3): 360 - 366. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Shimura, G. Yang, S. Ebara, T. M. Wheeler, A. Frolov, and T. C. Thompson Reduced Infiltration of Tumor-associated Macrophages in Human Prostate Cancer: Association with Cancer Progression Cancer Res., October 1, 2000; 60(20): 5857 - 5861. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				A. P. Bruno, D. Lautier, A. d. T. d'Orgeix, G. Laurent, and A. Quillet-Mary Acute myeloblastic leukemic cells acquire cellular cytotoxicity under genotoxic stress: implication of granzyme B and perforin Blood, September 1, 2000; 96(5): 1914 - 1920. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Shibakita, M. Tachibana, D. K. Dhar, T. Kotoh, S. Kinugasa, H. Kubota, R. Masunaga, and N. Nagasue Prognostic Significance of Fas and Fas Ligand Expressions in Human Esophageal Cancer Clin. Cancer Res., September 1, 1999; 5(9): 2464 - 2469. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]