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Pulmonary Immunology Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Departments of Medicine [M. H., M. S., S. S., J. T. M., L. Z., P. W. M., S. M. D.], Biological Chemistry and Molecular and Medical Pharmacology [H. H.], and Pathology [J. W.], and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center [H. H., S. M. D.], UCLA School of Medicine and the West Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90073
Tumor-derived prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) modifies cytokine balance and inhibits host immunity. We hypothesized that a high level of PGE2 production by lung tumor cells is dependent on tumor cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression. We found that PGE2 production by A549 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells was elevated up to 50-fold in response to interleukin (IL)-1ß. Reversal of IL-1ß-induced PGE2 production in A549 cells was achieved by specific pharmacological or antisense oligonucleotide inhibition of COX-2 activity or expression. In contrast, specific COX-1 inhibition was not effective. Consistent with these findings, IL-1ß induced COX-2 mRNA expression and protein production in A549 cells. Specific inhibition of COX-2 abrogated the capacity of IL-1ß-stimulated A549 cells to induce IL-10 in lymphocytes and macrophages. Furthermore, specific inhibition of A549 COX-2 reversed the tumor-derived PGE2-dependent inhibition of macrophage IL-12 production when whole blood was cultured in tumor supernatants. Our results indicate that lung tumor-derived PGE2 plays a pivotal role in promoting lymphocyte and macrophage IL-10 induction while simultaneously inhibiting macrophage IL-12 production. Immunohistochemistry of human NSCLC tissues obtained from lung cancer resection specimens revealed cytoplasmic staining for COX-2 within tumor cells. This is the first description of functional COX-2 expression by NSCLC cells and the definition of a pathway whereby tumor COX-2 expression and a high level of PGE2 production mediate profound alteration in cytokine balance in the lung cancer microenvironment.
1 This work is supported by NIH Grants CA71818 and GM24797, the American Lung Association, Merit Review Research Funds from the Department of Veterans Affairs, and the Helen Neufeld Research Career Development Award (Stop Cancer Award). M. H. was supported by the American Lung Association of California Young Investigator Award and NIH Institutional Training Grant in Tumor Immunology CA09120. S. S. was supported by a Parker B. Francis Fellowship from the Francis Families Foundation. M. S. and J. T. M. were supported by NIH Institutional Training Grant in Pulmonary Medicine HL07104. S. M. D. is a Career Investigator of the American Lung Association.
2 To whom requests for reprints should be addressed, at Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, West Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 111Q, 11301 Wilshire Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90073, Phone: (310) 794-6566; Fax: (310) 268-4712; E-mail: sdubinet@ucla.edu.
Received 11/ 6/97. Accepted 1/29/98.
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L. Ermert, C. Dierkes, and M. Ermert Immunohistochemical Expression of Cyclooxygenase Isoenzymes and Downstream Enzymes in Human Lung Tumors Clin. Cancer Res., May 1, 2003; 9(5): 1604 - 1610. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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L. X. Zhu, S. Sharma, B. Gardner, B. Escuadro, K. Atianzar, D. P. Tashkin, and S. M. Dubinett IL-10 Mediates Sigma1 Receptor-Dependent Suppression of Antitumor Immunity J. Immunol., April 1, 2003; 170(7): 3585 - 3591. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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S. Sharma, M. Stolina, S.-C. Yang, F. Baratelli, J. F. Lin, K. Atianzar, J. Luo, L. Zhu, Y. Lin, M. Huang, et al. Tumor Cyclooxygenase 2-dependent Suppression of Dendritic Cell Function Clin. Cancer Res., March 1, 2003; 9(3): 961 - 968. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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N. Heuze-Vourc'h, L. Zhu, K. Krysan, R. K. Batra, S. Sharma, and S. M. Dubinett Abnormal Interleukin 10R{alpha} Expression Contributes to the Maintenance of Elevated Cyclooxygenase-2 in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells Cancer Res., February 15, 2003; 63(4): 766 - 770. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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M. Yao, S. Kargman, E. C. Lam, C. R. Kelly, Y. Zheng, P. Luk, E. Kwong, J. F. Evans, and M. M. Wolfe Inhibition of Cyclooxygenase-2 by Rofecoxib Attenuates the Growth and Metastatic Potential of Colorectal Carcinoma in Mice Cancer Res., February 1, 2003; 63(3): 586 - 592. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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R. K. Batra, Y. Lin, S. Sharma, M. Dohadwala, J. Luo, M. Pold, and S. M. Dubinett Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer-derived Soluble Mediators Enhance Apoptosis in Activated T Lymphocytes through an I{kappa}B Kinase-dependent Mechanism Cancer Res., February 1, 2003; 63(3): 642 - 646. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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M. Dohadwala, R. K. Batra, J. Luo, Y. Lin, K. Krysan, M. Pold, S. Sharma, and S. M. Dubinett Autocrine/Paracrine Prostaglandin E2 Production by Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cells Regulates Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 and CD44 in Cyclooxygenase-2-dependent Invasion J. Biol. Chem., December 20, 2002; 277(52): 50828 - 50833. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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A. G. Banerjee, V. K. Gopalakrishnan, I. Bhattacharya, and J. K. Vishwanatha Deregulated Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression in Oral Premalignant Tissues Mol. Cancer Ther., December 1, 2002; 1(14): 1265 - 1271. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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G. Ferrandina, L. Lauriola, G. F. Zannoni, A. Fagotti, F. Fanfani, F. Legge, N. Maggiano, M. Gessi, S. Mancuso, F. O. Ranelletti, et al. Increased cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression is associated with chemotherapy resistance and outcome in ovarian cancer patients Ann. Onc., August 1, 2002; 13(8): 1205 - 1211. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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K.-i. Sunayama, H. Konno, T. Nakamura, H. Kashiwabara, T. Shoji, T. Tsuneyoshi, and S. Nakamura The role of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in two different morphological stages of intestinal polyps in APC{Delta}474 knockout mice Carcinogenesis, August 1, 2002; 23(8): 1351 - 1359. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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S. A. Wardlaw, N. Zhang, and S. A. Belinsky Transcriptional Regulation of Basal Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression in Murine Lung Tumor-Derived Cell Lines by CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Protein and Activating Transcription Factor/cAMP Response Element-Binding Protein Mol. Pharmacol., August 1, 2002; 62(2): 326 - 333. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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A. M. Mahdy, H. F. Galley, M. A. Abdel-Wahed, K. F. El-Korny, S. A. Sheta, and N. R. Webster Differential modulation of interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 by diclofenac in patients undergoing major surgery Br. J. Anaesth., June 1, 2002; 88(6): 797 - 802. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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J. M. Wallace Nutritional and Botanical Modulation of the Inflammatory Cascade--Eicosanoids, Cyclooxygenases, and Lipoxygenases-- As an Adjunct in Cancer Therapy Integr Cancer Ther, March 1, 2002; 1(1): 7 - 37. [Abstract] [PDF] |
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C. Denkert, M. Kobel, S. Pest, I. Koch, S. Berger, M. Schwabe, A. Siegert, A. Reles, B. Klosterhalfen, and S. Hauptmann Expression of Cyclooxygenase 2 Is an Independent Prognostic Factor in Human Ovarian Carcinoma Am. J. Pathol., March 1, 2002; 160(3): 893 - 903. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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M. Pold, M. Dohadwala, J. Luo, Y. Lin, and S. Dubinett Microarray Identifies Cyclo-oxygenase-2-Dependent Modulation of Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein-3 in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cells Chest, March 1, 2002; 121(2009): 29S - 30S. [Full Text] [PDF] |
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G. Ferrandina, L. Lauriola, M. G. Distefano, G. F. Zannoni, M. Gessi, F. Legge, N. Maggiano, S. Mancuso, A. Capelli, G. Scambia, et al. Increased Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression Is Associated With Chemotherapy Resistance and Poor Survival in Cervical Cancer Patients J. Clin. Oncol., February 15, 2002; 20(4): 973 - 981. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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M. C. Specht, O. N. Tucker, M. Hocever, D. Gonzalez, L. Teng, and T. J. Fahey III Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression in Thyroid Nodules J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., January 1, 2002; 87(1): 358 - 363. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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K. Yoshimatsu, D. Golijanin, P. B. Paty, R. A. Soslow, P.-J. Jakobsson, R. A. DeLellis, K. Subbaramaiah, and A. J. Dannenberg Inducible Microsomal Prostaglandin E Synthase Is Overexpressed in Colorectal Adenomas and Cancer Clin. Cancer Res., December 1, 2001; 7(12): 3971 - 3976. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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W. Thomas, Z. K. Ascott, D. Harmey, L. W. Slice, E. Rozengurt, and A. J. Lax Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factor from Escherichia coli Induces RhoA-Dependent Expression of the Cyclooxygenase-2 Gene Infect. Immun., November 1, 2001; 69(11): 6839 - 6845. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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S. Sharma, M. Stolina, L. Zhu, Y. Lin, R. Batra, M. Huang, R. Strieter, and S. M. Dubinett Secondary Lymphoid Organ Chemokine Reduces Pulmonary Tumor Burden in Spontaneous Murine Bronchoalveolar Cell Carcinoma Cancer Res., September 1, 2001; 61(17): 6406 - 6412. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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J. M. Kurie and R. N. Dubois Prostaglandin E Synthase: Another Enzyme in the Cyclooxygenase Pathway Driving Epithelial Cancer? Clin. Cancer Res., September 1, 2001; 7(9): 2608 - 2610. [Full Text] [PDF] |
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K. Yoshimatsu, N. K. Altorki, D. Golijanin, F. Zhang, P.-J. Jakobsson, A. J. Dannenberg, and K. Subbaramaiah Inducible Prostaglandin E Synthase Is Overexpressed in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Clin. Cancer Res., September 1, 2001; 7(9): 2669 - 2674. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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P. Kalinski, P. L. Vieira, J. H. N. Schuitemaker, E. C. de Jong, and M. L. Kapsenberg Prostaglandin E2 is a selective inducer of interleukin-12 p40 (IL-12p40) production and an inhibitor of bioactive IL-12p70 heterodimer Blood, June 1, 2001; 97(11): 3466 - 3469. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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K. Subbaramaiah, P. Bulic, Y. Lin, A. J. Dannenberg, and D. S. Pasco Development and Use of a Gene Promoter-Based Screen to Identify Novel Inhibitors of Cyclooxygenase-2 Transcription J Biomol Screen, April 1, 2001; 6(2): 101 - 110. [Abstract] [PDF] |
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C. Denkert, M. Köbel, S. Berger, A. Siegert, A. Leclere, U. Trefzer, and S. Hauptmann Expression of Cyclooxygenase 2 in Human Malignant Melanoma Cancer Res., January 1, 2001; 61(1): 303 - 308. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
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R. F. Souza, K. Shewmake, D. G. Beer, B. Cryer, and S. J. Spechler Selective Inhibition of Cyclooxygenase-2 Suppresses Growth and Induces Apoptosis in Human Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Cells Cancer Res., October 1, 2000; 60(20): 5767 - 5772. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
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J.H. Jeng, Y.S. Ho, C.P. Chan, Y.J. Wang, L.J. Hahn, D. Lei, C.C. Hsu, and M.C. Chang Areca nut extract up-regulates prostaglandin production, cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA and protein expression of human oral keratinocytes Carcinogenesis, July 1, 2000; 21(7): 1365 - 1370. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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S. A. Wardlaw, T. H. March, and S. A. Belinsky Cyclooxygenase-2 expression is abundant in alveolar type II cells in lung cancer-sensitive mouse strains and in premalignant lesions Carcinogenesis, July 1, 2000; 21(7): 1371 - 1377. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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L. X. Zhu, S. Sharma, M. Stolina, B. Gardner, M. D. Roth, D. P. Tashkin, and S. M. Dubinett {Delta}-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Inhibits Antitumor Immunity by a CB2 Receptor-Mediated, Cytokine-Dependent Pathway J. Immunol., July 1, 2000; 165(1): 373 - 380. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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S. Sharma, M. Stolina, J. Luo, R. M. Strieter, M. Burdick, L. X. Zhu, R. K. Batra, and S. M. Dubinett Secondary Lymphoid Tissue Chemokine Mediates T Cell-Dependent Antitumor Responses In Vivo J. Immunol., May 1, 2000; 164(9): 4558 - 4563. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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S. M. Albelda, R. Wiewrodt, and J. B. Zuckerman Gene Therapy for Lung Disease: Hype or Hope? Ann Intern Med, April 18, 2000; 132(8): 649 - 660. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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A. K. Bauer, L. D. Dwyer-Nield, and A. M. Malkinson High cyclooxygenase 1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) contents in mouse lung tumors Carcinogenesis, April 1, 2000; 21(4): 543 - 550. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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