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[Cancer Research 58, 1593-1598, April 15, 1998]
© 1998 American Association for Cancer Research
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p53-dependent and -independent Regulation of the Death Receptor KILLER/DR5 Gene Expression in Response to Genotoxic Stress and Tumor Necrosis Factor {alpha}

M. Saeed Sheikh1, Timothy F. Burns, Ying Huang, Gen Sheng Wu, Sally Amundson, Kia S. Brooks, Albert J. Fornace, Jr. and Wafik S. El-Deiry

Basic Research Laboratory, Division of Basic Sciences, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 [M. S. S., S. A., K. S. B., A. J. F.]; Gene Expression and Aging Section, Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224 [Y. H.]; and Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Cell Cycle Regulation, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 [T. F. B., G. S. W., W. S. E-D.]

The death receptor (DR) KILLER/DR5 gene has recently been identified as a doxorubicin-regulated transcript that was also induced by exogenous wild-type p53 in p53-negative cells. KILLER/DR5 gene encodes a DR containing cell surface protein that is highly homologous to DR4, another DR of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family. Both DR4 and KILLER/DR5 independently bind to their specific ligand TRAIL and engage the caspase cascade to induce apoptosis. TRID (also known as TRAIL-R3) is an antiapoptotic decoy receptor that lacks the cytoplasmic death domain and competes with KILLER/DR5 and DR4 for binding to TRAIL. In this study, we demonstrate that the DR KILLER/DR5 gene is regulated in a p53-dependent and -independent manner during genotoxic and nongenotoxic stress-induced apoptosis. Just like other p53-regulated genes, ionizing radiation induction of KILLER/DR5 occurs in p53 wild-type cells, whereas methyl methanesulfonate regulation of KILLER/DR5 occurs in a p53-dependent and -independent manner. However, unlike other p53-regulated genes, KILLER/DR5 is not regulated following UV irradiation. TNF-{alpha}, a nongenotoxic cytokine, also induced the expression of KILLER/DR5 in a number of cancer cell lines, irrespective of p53 status. TNF-{alpha} did not alter the KILLER/DR5 mRNA stability, suggesting that the TNF-{alpha} regulation of KILLER/DR5 expression appears transcriptional. We also provide evidence that KILLER/DR5 is regulated in a trigger and cell type-specific manner and that its induction by TNF-{alpha}, p53, or DNA damage is not the consequence of apoptosis induced by these agents. Unlike KILLER/DR5, none of the other KILLER/DR5 family members, including DR4, TRID, or the ligand TRAIL, displayed genotoxic stress or TNF-{alpha} regulation in a p53 transcription-dependent manner. Thus, KILLER/DR5 appears a bona fide downstream target of p53 that is also regulated in a cell type-specific, trigger-dependent, and p53-independent manner.

1 To whom requests for reprints should be addressed, at Room 5 C09, Building 37, Division of Basic Sciences, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892. Phone: (301) 402-0745; Fax: (301) 480-2514; E-mail: mssheikh@box-m.nih.gov.

Received 1/27/98. Accepted 3/ 3/98.




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