This Article Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Ingles, S. A. Articles by Haile, R. W. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Ingles, S. A. Articles by Haile, R. W.

Association of Prostate Cancer with Vitamin D Receptor Haplotypes in African-Americans¹

Departments of Preventive Medicine [S. A. I., R. K. R., B. E. H., W. W., R. W. H.] and Urology [G. A. C., L. C.], University of Southern California/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California 90033; and Cancer Research Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96813 [L. N. K.]

In previous studies, allelic variation in the 3' end of the vitamin D receptor gene was associated with increased risk of prostate cancer in white men. Several polymorphisms, including a BsmI restriction site and a poly(A) microsatellite, can be used interchangeably to mark the unidentified locus in whites. In African-Americans, however, these markers are not interchangeable, due to weaker linkage disequilibrium in this genomic region in this population. Here, we genotyped both the BsmI and poly(A) markers for 151 African-American prostate cancer cases (102 localized and 49 advanced) and 174 African-American male controls from a large epidemiological cohort. A direct haplotyping procedure was devised to determine BsmI/poly(A) haplotypes for double heterozygotes so that haplotypes could be used as allelic markers in standard logistic regression analyses. Using BsmI alone, b alleles were associated with a 2-fold decrease in risk of advanced prostate cancer. The association was, however, confined to haplotypes carrying a long (L) allele of the poly(A) microsatellite. BL and bL haplotypes were associated with increased and decreased risk, respectively, whereas neither BS nor bS haplotypes were associated with prostate cancer risk. An allelic variant that confers increased risk of advanced prostate cancer appears to be associated with the BsmI/poly(A) BL haplotype in African-Americans.

¹ This work was supported by NIH Grants R01 CA68572 and R01 CA54281.

² To whom requests for reprints should be addressed, at Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California/Norris Cancer Center, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, MS 44, Room 5411, Los Angeles, California 90033. Phone: (213) 764-0498; Fax: (213) 764-0473; E-mail: ingles@hsc.usc.edu.

Received 1/ 9/98. Accepted 2/27/98.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				M. S. Cicek, X. Liu, F. R. Schumacher, G. Casey, and J. S. Witte Vitamin D Receptor Genotypes/Haplotypes and Prostate Cancer Risk Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., December 1, 2006; 15(12): 2549 - 2552. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. I. Brandt-Rauf, V. H. Raveis, N. F. Drummond, J. A. Conte, and S. M. Rothman Ashkenazi Jews and Breast Cancer: The Consequences of Linking Ethnic Identity to Genetic Disease Am J Public Health, November 1, 2006; 96(11): 1979 - 1988. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. M. John, G. G. Schwartz, J. Koo, D. Van Den Berg, and S. A. Ingles Sun Exposure, Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms, and Risk of Advanced Prostate Cancer Cancer Res., June 15, 2005; 65(12): 5470 - 5479. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. Oakley-Girvan, D. Feldman, T. R. Eccleshall, R. P. Gallagher, A. H. Wu, L. N. Kolonel, J. Halpern, R. R. Balise, D. W. West, R. S. Paffenbarger Jr., et al. Risk of Early-Onset Prostate Cancer in Relation to Germ Line Polymorphisms of the Vitamin D Receptor Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., August 1, 2004; 13(8): 1325 - 1330. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Ntais, A. Polycarpou, and J. P. A. Ioannidis Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms and Risk of Prostate Cancer: A Meta-analysis Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., December 1, 2003; 12(12): 1395 - 1402. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. M. Peehl, A. V. Krishnan, and D. Feldman Pathways Mediating the Growth-Inhibitory Actions of Vitamin D in Prostate Cancer J. Nutr., July 1, 2003; 133(7): 2461S - 2469. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. Xu, A. Shibata, J. E. McNeal, T. A. Stamey, D. Feldman, and D. M. Peehl Vitamin D Receptor Start Codon Polymorphism (FokI) and Prostate Cancer Progression Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., January 1, 2003; 12(1): 23 - 27. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C-M Huang, M-C Wu, J-Y Wu, and F-J Tsai Association of vitamin D receptor gene BsmI polymorphisms in Chinese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus Lupus, January 1, 2002; 11(1): 31 - 34. [Abstract] [PDF]

				A. P. Chokkalingam, K. A. McGlynn, Y.-T. Gao, M. Pollak, J. Deng, I. A. Sesterhenn, F. K. Mostofi, J. F. Fraumeni Jr., and A. W. Hsing Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms, Insulin-like Growth Factors, and Prostate Cancer Risk: A Population-based Case-Control Study in China Cancer Res., June 1, 2001; 61(11): 4333 - 4336. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. M. Thompson, C. M. Tangen, A. Tolcher, E. D. Crawford, M. Eisenberger, and C. M. Moinpour Association of African-American Ethnic Background With Survival in Men With Metastatic Prostate Cancer J Natl Cancer Inst, February 7, 2001; 93(3): 219 - 225. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. P. Connell, L. Ignacio, D. Haraf, A. M. Awan, H. Halpern, I. Abdalla, J. Nautiyal, A. B. Jani, R. R. Weichselbaum, and S. Vijayakumar Equivalent Racial Outcome After Conformal Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer: A Single Departmental Experience J. Clin. Oncol., January 1, 2001; 19(1): 54 - 61. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. A. Platz, E. B. Rimm, W. C. Willett, P. W. Kantoff, and E. Giovannucci Racial Variation in Prostate Cancer Incidence and in Hormonal System Markers Among Male Health Professionals J Natl Cancer Inst, December 20, 2000; 92(24): 2009 - 2017. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. Ruijter, C. van de Kaa, G. Miller, D. Ruiter, F. Debruyne, and J. Schalken Molecular Genetics and Epidemiology of Prostate Carcinoma Endocr. Rev., February 1, 1999; 20(1): 22 - 45. [Abstract] [Full Text]