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Epitope Specificity of the Monoclonal Anticytokeratin Antibody TS1¹

Departments of Immunology [A. J., P. S., A. U., T. S.] and Medical Biophysics [G. B.], Umeå University, S-901 85 Umeå; Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Värmland University College of Health and Caring Sciences, S-654 73 Karlstad [A. E., B. S.]; and Smittskyddsinstitutet, S-105 21 Stockholm [M. L.], Sweden

Due to their abundance in epithelial cells and deposition in necrotic regions intratumorally, cytokeratins (CKs) have been established as valuable targets for both radioimmunolocalization and radioimmunotherapy. The target epitope for the monoclonal anti-CK8 antibody, TS1, used for both experimental radioimmunolocalization and radioimmunotherapy, was determined by means of synthesis of 96 overlapping peptides that covered the entire CK8 molecule. A highly conserved peptide sequence, spanning amino acids (aa) 343–357 and covering the discontinuous epitope in the helical 2B domain, was identified. The epitope retains its helical structure, as shown with circular dichroism spectroscopy, although the length of the peptide (i.e., >20 aa) is crucial for maintenance of immunoreactivity.

To determine which aa residues are crucial for binding to the monoclonal antibody, alanine scanning was performed on a 26-mer covering aa 340–365, with the sequence QRGELAIKDANAKLSELEAALQRAKQ. The 26 modified peptides were evaluated using ELISA and BIAcore technology. The uniqueness of this epitope has been established by data base sequence comparisons.