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Tumor Biology, The Johns Hopkins Oncology Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21231 [M. E., S. B. B., J. G. H.]; and Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Division of Head and Neck Cancer Research [M. S-C., D. S.], and Medical Oncology Service [R. R.], Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
Recent evidence suggests that tumor cells may release DNA into the circulation, which is enriched in the serum and plasma, allowing detection of ras and p53 mutations and microsatellite alterations in the serum DNA of cancer patients. We examined whether aberrant DNA methylation might also be found in the serum of patients with non-small cell lung cancer. We tested 22 patients with non-small cell lung cancer using methylation-specific PCR, searching for promoter hypermethylation of the tumor suppressor gene p16, the putative metastasis suppressor gene death-associated protein kinase, the detoxification gene glutathione S-transferase P1, and the DNA repair gene O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase. Aberrant methylation of at least one of these genes was detected in 15 of 22 (68%) NSCLC tumors but not in any paired normal lung tissue. In these primary tumors with methylation, 11 of 15 (73%) samples also had abnormal methylated DNA in the matched serum samples. Moreover, none of the sera from patients with tumors not demonstrating methylation was positive. Abnormal promoter methylation in serum DNA was found in all tumor stages. Although these results need to be confirmed in larger studies and in other tumor types, detection of aberrant promoter hypermethylation of cancer-related genes in serum may be useful for cancer diagnosis or the detection of recurrence.
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D. G. Pfister, D. H. Johnson, C. G. Azzoli, W. Sause, T. J. Smith, S. Baker Jr, J. Olak, D. Stover, J. R. Strawn, A. T. Turrisi, et al. American Society of Clinical Oncology Treatment of Unresectable Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Guideline: Update 2003 J. Clin. Oncol., January 15, 2004; 22(2): 330 - 353. [Full Text] [PDF] |
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A. Widschwendter, H. M. Muller, H. Fiegl, L. Ivarsson, A. Wiedemair, E. Muller-Holzner, G. Goebel, C. Marth, and M. Widschwendter DNA Methylation in Serum and Tumors of Cervical Cancer Patients Clin. Cancer Res., January 15, 2004; 10(2): 565 - 571. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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C. Battagli, R. G. Uzzo, E. Dulaimi, I. Ibanez de Caceres, R. Krassenstein, T. Al-Saleem, R. E. Greenberg, and P. Cairns Promoter Hypermethylation of Tumor Suppressor Genes in Urine from Kidney Cancer Patients Cancer Res., December 15, 2003; 63(24): 8695 - 8699. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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Y. Liu, Q. An, L. Li, D. Zhang, J. Huang, X. Feng, S. Cheng, and Y. Gao Hypermethylation of p16INK4a in Chinese lung cancer patients: biological and clinical implications Carcinogenesis, December 1, 2003; 24(12): 1897 - 1901. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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J. G. Herman and S. B. Baylin Gene Silencing in Cancer in Association with Promoter Hypermethylation N. Engl. J. Med., November 20, 2003; 349(21): 2042 - 2054. [Full Text] [PDF] |
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G. Sozzi, D. Conte, M. Leon, R. Cirincione, L. Roz, C. Ratcliffe, E. Roz, N. Cirenei, M. Bellomi, G. Pelosi, et al. Quantification of Free Circulating DNA As a Diagnostic Marker in Lung Cancer J. Clin. Oncol., November 1, 2003; 21(21): 3902 - 3908. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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P. A. Bunn Jr Early Detection of Lung Cancer Using Serum RNA or DNA Markers: Ready for """Prime Time""" or for Validation? J. Clin. Oncol., November 1, 2003; 21(21): 3891 - 3893. [Full Text] [PDF] |
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K M Fong, Y Sekido, A F Gazdar, and J D Minna Lung cancer * 9: Molecular biology of lung cancer: clinical implications Thorax, October 1, 2003; 58(10): 892 - 900. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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P. E. Jackson, S.-Y. Kuang, J.-B. Wang, P. T. Strickland, A. Munoz, T. W. Kensler, G.-S. Qian, and J. D. Groopman Prospective detection of codon 249 mutations in plasma of hepatocellular carcinoma patients Carcinogenesis, October 1, 2003; 24(10): 1657 - 1663. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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P. Hou, M. Ji, C. Ge, J. Shen, S. Li, N. He, and Z. Lu Detection of methylation of human p16Ink4a gene 5'-CpG islands by electrochemical method coupled with linker-PCR Nucleic Acids Res., August 15, 2003; 31(16): e92 - e92. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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W. A. Palmisano, K. P. Crume, M. J. Grimes, S. A. Winters, M. Toyota, M. Esteller, N. Joste, S. B. Baylin, and S. A. Belinsky Aberrant Promoter Methylation of the Transcription Factor Genes PAX5 {alpha} and {beta} in Human Cancers Cancer Res., August 1, 2003; 63(15): 4620 - 4625. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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S. Toyooka, K. O. Toyooka, K. Miyajima, J. L. Reddy, M. Toyota, U. G. Sathyanarayana, A. Padar, M. S. Tockman, S. Lam, N. Shivapurkar, et al. Epigenetic Down-Regulation of Death-associated Protein Kinase in Lung Cancers Clin. Cancer Res., August 1, 2003; 9(8): 3034 - 3041. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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B M Ryan, F Lefort, R McManus, J Daly, P W N Keeling, D G Weir, and D Kelleher A prospective study of circulating mutant KRAS2 in the serum of patients with colorectal neoplasia: strong prognostic indicator in postoperative follow up Mol. Pathol., June 1, 2003; 56(3): 172 - 179. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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S. V. Harden, Y. Tokumaru, W. H. Westra, S. Goodman, S. A. Ahrendt, S. C. Yang, and D. Sidransky Gene Promoter Hypermethylation in Tumors and Lymph Nodes of Stage I Lung Cancer Patients Clin. Cancer Res., April 1, 2003; 9(4): 1370 - 1375. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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C. Balana, J. L. Ramirez, M. Taron, Y. Roussos, A. Ariza, R. Ballester, C. Sarries, P. Mendez, J. J. Sanchez, and R. Rosell O6-methyl-guanine-DNA methyltransferase Methylation in Serum and Tumor DNA Predicts Response to 1,3-Bis(2-Chloroethyl)-1-Nitrosourea but not to Temozolamide Plus Cisplatin in Glioblastoma Multiforme Clin. Cancer Res., April 1, 2003; 9(4): 1461 - 1468. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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R. Danesi, F. De Braud, S. Fogli, T. M. De Pas, A. Di Paolo, G. Curigliano, and M. Del Tacca Pharmacogenetics of Anticancer Drug Sensitivity in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Pharmacol. Rev., March 1, 2003; 55(1): 57 - 103. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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I. H. N. Wong, J. Zhang, P. B. S. Lai, W. Y. Lau, and Y. M. Dennis Lo Quantitative Analysis of Tumor-derived Methylated p16INK4a Sequences in Plasma, Serum, and Blood Cells of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients Clin. Cancer Res., March 1, 2003; 9(3): 1047 - 1052. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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M. G. House, M. Guo, C. Iacobuzio-Donahue, and J. G. Herman Molecular progression of promoter methylation in intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN) of the pancreas Carcinogenesis, February 1, 2003; 24(2): 193 - 198. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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B M Ryan, F Lefort, R McManus, J Daly, P W N Keeling, D G Weir, and D Kelleher A prospective study of circulating mutant KRAS2 in the serum of patients with colorectal neoplasia: strong prognostic indicator in postoperative follow up Gut, January 1, 2003; 52(1): 101 - 108. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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C Jeronimo, R Henrique, P F Campos, J Oliveira, O L Caballero, C Lopes, and D Sidransky Endothelin B receptor gene hypermethylation in prostate adenocarcinoma J. Clin. Pathol., January 1, 2003; 56(1): 52 - 55. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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J. Brabender, H. Usadel, R. Metzger, P. M. Schneider, J. Park, D. Salonga, D. D. Tsao-Wei, S. Groshen, R. V. Lord, N. Takebe, et al. Quantitative O6-Methylguanine DNA Methyltransferase Methylation Analysis in Curatively Resected Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Associations with Clinical Outcome Clin. Cancer Res., January 1, 2003; 9(1): 223 - 227. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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C. Brambilla, F. Fievet, M. Jeanmart, F. de Fraipont, S. Lantuejoul, V. Frappat, G. Ferretti, P.Y. Brichon, and D. Moro-Sibilot Early detection of lung cancer: role of biomarkers Eur. Respir. J., January 1, 2003; 21(39_suppl): 36S - 44s. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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A. Bearzatto, D. Conte, M. Frattini, N. Zaffaroni, F. Andriani, D. Balestra, L. Tavecchio, M. G. Daidone, and G. Sozzi p16INK4A Hypermethylation Detected by Fluorescent Methylation-specific PCR in Plasmas from Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Clin. Cancer Res., December 1, 2002; 8(12): 3782 - 3787. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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H.-W. Chang, S. M. Lee, S. N. Goodman, G. Singer, S. K. R. Cho, L. J. Sokoll, F. J. Montz, R. Roden, Z. Zhang, D. W. Chan, et al. Assessment of Plasma DNA Levels, Allelic Imbalance, and CA 125 as Diagnostic Tests for Cancer J Natl Cancer Inst, November 20, 2002; 94(22): 1697 - 1703. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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M. E. Reid, A. J. Duffield-Lillico, L. Garland, B. W. Turnbull, L. C. Clark, and J. R. Marshall Selenium Supplementation and Lung Cancer Incidence: An Update of the Nutritional Prevention of Cancer Trial Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., November 1, 2002; 11(11): 1285 - 1291. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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G.-S. Qian, S.-Y. Kuang, X. He, J. D. Groopman, and P. E. Jackson Sensitivity of Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry Detection of Codon 249 Mutations in the p53 Gene Compared with RFLP Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., October 1, 2002; 11(10): 1126 - 1129. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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