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Nitric Oxide Is an Initiator of Intercellular Signal Transduction for Stress Response after Hyperthermia in Mutant p53 Cells of Human Glioblastoma¹

Departments of Experimental Radiology and Health Physics [H. M., S. H., M. H., E. K.], Otorhinolaryngology [T. O.], Neurosurgery [R. K.], and Radiology [H. S.], Fukui Medical University, 2Matsuoka, Fukui 910-1193, Japan, and Department of Biology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan [K. O., T. O.]

Nitric oxide is known to be a multifunctional physiological substance. Recently, it was suggested that nitric oxide is involved in p53-dependent response to many kinds of stress, such as heat shock and changes in cellular metabolism. To verify this hypothesis, we examined the effect of nitric oxide produced endogenously by heat-shocked cells on nonstressed cells using a human glioblastoma cell line, A-172, and its mutant p53 (mp53) transfectant (A-172/mp53). The accumulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase was caused by heat treatment of the mtp53 cells but not of the wild-type p53 (wtp53) cells. The accumulation of heat shock protein 72 (hsp72) and p53 was observed in nontreated mtp53 cells cocultivated with heated mp53 cells, and the accumulation of these proteins was suppressed by the addition of a specific inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, aminoguanidine, to the medium. Furthermore, the accumulation of these proteins was observed in the wtp53 cells after exposure to the conditioned medium by preculture of the heated mp53 cells, and the accumulation was completely blocked by the addition of a specific nitric oxide scavenger, 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-imidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide, to the medium. In addition, the accumulation of hsp72 and p53 in the wtp53 cells was induced by the administration of an nitric oxide-generating agent, S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine, to the medium. Finally, the thermosensitivity of the wtp53 cells was reduced in the conditioned medium by preculture of the heated mp53 cells as compared with conventional fresh growth medium. Our finding of the accumulation of hsp72 and p53 in nitric oxide-recipient cells cocultivated with heated nitric oxide-donor cells provides the first evidence for an intercellular signal transduction pathway via nitric oxide as intermediate without cell-to-cell interactions such as gap junctions.

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