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DNA Damage Increases Sensitivity to Vinca Alkaloids and Decreases Sensitivity to Taxanes through p53-dependent Repression of Microtubule-associated Protein 4¹

Departments of Medicine [C. C. Z., J-M. Y., W. N. H.] and Pharmacology [C. C. Z., J-M. Y., W. N. H.], University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854; The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901 [C. C. Z., J-M. Y., J. B-B., E. W., W. N. H.]; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854 [E. W.]; Department of Pharmacology, The Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111 [M. M.]; and Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10021 [A. J. L.]

Taxanes and Vinca alkaloids are among the most active classes of drugs in the treatment of cancer. Yet, fewer than 50% of previously untreated patients respond, and clinicians have few ways of predicting who will benefit from treatment and who will not. Mutations in p53 occur in more than half of human malignancies and may alter the sensitivity to a variety of anticancer therapies. We have shown that the transcriptional status of p53 determines the sensitivity to antimicrotubule drugs and that this is mediated through the regulation of microtubule-associated protein 4 (MAP4). Expression of MAP4 is transcriptionally repressed by wild-type p53. Increased expression of MAP4, which occurs when p53 is transcriptionally inactive, increases microtubule polymerization, paclitaxel binding, and sensitivity to paclitaxel, a drug that stabilizes polymerized microtubules. In contrast, overexpression of MAP4 decreases microtubule binding and sensitivity to Vinca alkaloids, which promotes microtubule depolymerization. To determine whether induction of endogenous wild-type p53 by DNA-damaging agents alters the expression of MAP4 and changes the sensitivity to antimicrotubule drugs, we assayed cell lines with wild-type or mutant p53 for the expression of MAP4 and drug sensitivity before and after DNA damage. UV irradiation, bleomycin, and doxorubicin increased wild-type p53 expression and decreased MAP4 expression. These changes were associated with decreased sensitivity to paclitaxel and increased sensitivity to vinblastine. These changes in drug sensitivity were no longer observed when p53 and MAP4 returned to baseline levels. Changes in drug sensitivity following DNA-damaging agents were associated with decreased binding of paclitaxel and increased binding of Vinca alkaloids. In contrast, DNA damage did not alter the sensitivity to non-microtubule-active drugs, such as 1-ß-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine and doxorubicin. Changes in drug sensitivity following DNA-damaging drugs were not observed in cells with mutant p53. These studies demonstrate that induction of wild-type p53 by DNA-damaging agents can affect the sensitivity to antimicrotubule drugs through the regulation of MAP4 expression and may have implications for the design of clinical anticancer therapies.

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