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Tumor Biology |
Departments of Medicine and Microbiology-Immunology, University of California Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94143-0711
Endothelial differentiation gene-encoded G protein-coupled receptors (Edg Rs) Edg-1, Edg-3, and Edg-5 bind sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), and Edg-2 and Edg-4 Rs bind lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). LPA and S1P initiate ras- and rho-dependent signaling of cellular growth. Cultured lines of human breast cancer cells (BCCs) express Edg-3 > Edg-4 > Edg-5 > or = Edg-2, without detectable Edg-1, by both assessment of mRNA and Western blots with rabbit and monoclonal mouse anti-Edg R antibodies. BCC proliferation was stimulated significantly by 10-9 M to 10-6 M LPA and S1P. Luciferase constructs containing the serum response element (SRE) of growth-related gene promoters reported mean activation of BCCs by LPA and S1P of up to 85-fold. LPA and S1P stimulated BCC secretion of type II insulin-like growth factor (IGF-II) by 27-fold, to levels at which exogenous IGF-II stimulated increased proliferation and SRE activation of BCCs. All BCC responses to LPA and S1P were suppressed similarly by pertussis toxin, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitors, and C3 exoenzyme inactivation of rho, suggesting mediation by Edg Rs. Monoclonal anti-IGF-II and anti-IGFR1 antibodies suppressed proliferation and SRE reports of BCCs to LPA and S1P by means of up to 65%. Edg Rs thus transduce LPA and S1P enhancement of BCC growth, both directly through SRE and indirectly by enhancing the contribution of IGF-II.
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