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Vaccine-induced Apoptosis: A Novel Clinical Trial End Point?¹

Departments of Surgery [S. A., C. A. M-A., J. H. S.], Immunology [R. A. R.], and Clinical Oncology [L. G. D.], University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG5 1PB, United Kingdom

The functional end point of immunotherapy is to induce tumor regression. Because immune effector mechanisms usually result in apoptosis, the aim of this study was to determine whether measurement of tumor apoptosis ex vivo is a good end point to evaluate the efficacy of cancer vaccines. A prototype vaccine, 105AD7, was administered to colorectal cancer patients before resection of their primary tumors. There was a significant increase in apoptosis of tumor cells within immunized patients compared with control patients as assessed by immunohistochemistry (P = 0.005; n = 16) or by flow cytometry (P = 0.003; n = 34). Preoperative immunization and measurement of tumor cell apoptosis may be a valuable clinical end point for evaluation of new vaccine and other biological approaches.

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