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Centro di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Cellulare e Molecolare, 80131 Naples, Italy [G. D. V., R. M. M., F. C., R. V., M. D. C., M. S.]; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111; Catholic University, Medical School, 00168 Rome, Italy [A. B.]; Laboratoire de Génétique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR5641, Lyon 69373 Cedex 08, France [M. B.]; Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Catanzaro, Italy [ A. F.]; and Kimmel Cancer Center, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107 [P. N. T.]
The RET tyrosine kinase is a functional receptor for neurotrophic ligands of the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family. Loss of function of RET is associated with congenital megacolon or Hirschsprungs disease, whereas germ-line point mutations causing RET activation are responsible for multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2A, MEN2B, and familial medullary thyroid carcinoma) syndromes. Here we show that the expression of a constitutively active RET-MEN2A oncogene promotes survival of rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells upon growth factor withdrawal. Moreover, we show that the RET-MEN2A-mediated survival depends on signals transduced by the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades. Thus, in PC12 cells, RET-MEN2A associates with the PI3K regulatory subunit p85 and promotes activation of Akt (also referred to as protein kinase B) in a PI3K-dependent fashion; in addition, RET-MEN2A promotes MAPK activation. PI3K recruitment and Akt activation as well as MAPK activation depend on RET-MEN2A tyrosine residue 1062. As a result, tyrosine 1062 of RET-MEN2A is essential for RET-MEN2A-mediated survival of PC12 cells cultured in growth factor-depleted media.
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