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The Human Leukemic T-Cell Line, TALL-104, Is Cytotoxic to Human Malignant Brain Tumors and Traffics through Brain Tissue: Implications for Local Adoptive Immunotherapy¹

Departments of Immunology [C. A. K., C. J. G., G. G. G., D. B. P.], Pathology [C. A. K., B. K. K-D.], Neurology [B. K. K-D.], and Surgery [C. A. K.], University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado 80262 and The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 [S. V., D. S.]

Preclinical studies with the human MHC nonrestricted cytotoxic T-cell leukemic line, TALL-104, were performed in anticipation of its use in cellular immunotherapy trials for primary malignant brain tumors. In this study, we have: (a) quantitated the in vitro brain tumor cell lysis; (b) measured the cytokine secretion upon coincubation of TALL-104 cells with brain tumor cells; (c) investigated the effect of dexamethasone on brain tumor cell cytolysis by TALL-104 cells; (d) explored the effects of lethal irradiation and cryopreservation on TALL-104 cell viability and lytic efficacy; and (e) estimated the damage TALL-104 cells induce to murine normal and tumor brain cells and their trafficking patterns in both normal and tumor-bearing rat brain upon intracranial infusion. In vitro coincubation of TALL-104 cells with human brain tumor cells, explants, and cell lines resulted in significant lysis of them, but normal brain cells were spared. Lysis of tumor at 4 h was unaffected by dexa-methasone or lethal irradiation. Secretion of tumor necrosis factor-, tumor necrosis factor-ß, IFN-, or granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor upon TALL-104 cell coincubation with brain tumor cells variably occurred without always correlating with lysis. In vivo experiments using irradiated TALL-104 cells, placed at multiple times into normal cannulated rat brain, produced focal sterile abscesses at the instillation site but no widespread allergic encephalitic reaction. Cells morphologically consistent with TALL-104 cells specifically trafficked from the site of instillation through the neuropil, occasionally into the contralateral brain, and egressed at perivascular and leptomeningeal spaces. In vivo experiments with cannulated rats bearing 9L gliosarcoma showed a preferential localization of the TALL-104 cells in tumor compared with normal brain. Taken together, these data support the concept that TALL-104 cells can be used as a novel nontoxic and efficacious paradigm for cellular immunotherapy trials in human primary malignant brain tumors.

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