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Clinical Investigations |
First Department of Internal Medicine, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550 [Y. A., M. A., Y. H.]; Department of Internal Medicine, Nagoya National Hospital, Nagoya 460-0001 [H. S.]; Division of Respiratory Medicine, Gifu Municipal Hospital, Gifu 500-8323 [T. S.]; Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo 104-0045 [K. M.]; Second Department of Medicine, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama 700-8558 [H. U.]; Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Niigata 951-8566 [A. Y.]; Department of Gastroenterology, Aomori Prefectural Central Hospital, Aomori 030-8553 [S.S.]; and Department of Preventive Clinical Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 461-0047 [K. S.], Japan
Irinotecan
unexpectedly causes severe toxicity of leukopenia or diarrhea.
Irinotecan is metabolized to form active SN-38, which is further
conjugated and detoxified by UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A1
enzyme. Genetic polymorphisms of the UGT1A1 would affect
an interindividual variation of the toxicity by irinotecan via the
alternation of bioavailability of SN-38. In this case-control study,
retrospective review of clinical records and determination of
UGT1A1 polymorphisms were performed to investigate
whether a patient with the variant UGT1A1 genotypes
would be at higher risk for severe toxicity by irinotecan. All patients
previously received irinotecan against cancer in university hospitals,
cancer centers, or large urban hospitals in Japan. We identified 26
patients who experienced severe toxicity and 92 patients who did not.
The relationship was studied between the multiple variant genotypes
(UGT1A1*28 in the promoter and UGT1A1*6,
UGT1A1*27, UGT1A1*29, and
UGT1A1*7 in the coding region) and the severe toxicity
of grade 4 leukopenia (
0.9 x 109/liter)
and/or grade 3 (watery for 5 days or more) or grade 4 (hemorrhagic or
dehydration) diarrhea. Of the 26 patients with the severe toxicity, the
genotypes of UGT1A1*28 were homozygous in 4 (15%) and
heterozygous in 8 (31%), whereas 3 (3%) homozygous and 10 (11%)
heterozygous were found among the 92 patients without the severe
toxicity. Multivariate analysis suggested that the genotype either
heterozygous or homozygous for UGT1A1*28 would be a
significant risk factor for severe toxicity by irinotecan
(P < 0.001; odds ratio, 7.23; 95%
confidence interval, 2.5222.3). All 3 patients heterozygous for
UGT1A1*27 encountered severe toxicity. No statistical
association of UGT1A1*6 with the occurrence of severe
toxicity was observed. None had UGT1A1*29 or
UGT1A1*7. We suggest that determination of the
UGT1A1 genotypes might be clinically useful for
predicting severe toxicity by irinotecan in cancer patients. This
research warrants a prospective trial to corroborate the usefulness of
gene diagnosis of UGT1A1 polymorphisms prior to
irinotecan chemotherapy.
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| Cancer Prevention Journals Portal | Cancer Reviews Online |
| Annual Meeting Education Book | Meeting Abstracts Online |