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The M_r 193,000 Vault Protein Is Up-Regulated in Multidrug-resistant Cancer Cell Lines¹

Department of Pathology, Academic Hospital Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands [A. B. S., G. L. S., M. C. d. J., S. E. B., D. F. D., R. J. S.]; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California at Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095 [A. C. S., V. A. K., L. H. R.]; Department of Molecular Recognition, Institute for Animal Science and Health (ID-DLO), 8219 PH Lelystad, the Netherlands [J. W. S., R. H. M.]; and Institute for Hematology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, 3000 DR Rotterdam, the Netherlands [E. W.]

Vaults are 13 megadalton ribonucleoprotein particles composed largely of the major vault protein (MVP) and two high molecular weight proteins, p240 and p193, and a small vault RNA (vRNA). Increased levels of MVP expression, vault-associated vRNA, and vaults have been linked directly to multidrug resistance (MDR). To further define the putative role of vaults in MDR, we produced monoclonal antibodies against the M_r 193,000 vault protein and studied its expression levels in various multidrug-resistant cell lines. We find that, like MVP, p193 mRNA and protein levels are increased in various multidrug-resistant cell lines. Subcellular fractionation of vault particles revealed that vault-associated p193 levels are increased in multidrug-resistant cells as compared with the parental, drug-sensitive cells. Furthermore, protein analysis of postnuclear supernatants and coimmunoprecipitation studies show that drug-sensitive MVP-transfected tumor cells lack this up-regulation in vault-associated p193. Our observations indicate that vault formation is limited not only by the expression of the MVP but also by the expression or assembly of at least one of the other vault proteins.

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