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Tumor Biology |
INRA, Laboratoire des Xénobiotiques, 31931 Toulouse Cedex, France [L. G-P., P. L., S. L., S. C., N. G., J. T.]; INSERM U326, 31059 Toulouse Cedex, France [F. T.]; INSERM U395, Service Commun dAnalyse et de Tri Cellulaire, 31024, Toulouse Cedex, France [G. C.]; and Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire des Eucaryotes, 31062, Toulouse Cedex, France [A. D., M-A. D.]
Sulforaphane is an isothiocyanate that is present naturally in widely consumed vegetables and has a particularly high concentration in broccoli. This compound has been shown to block the formation of tumors initiated by chemicals in the rat. Although sulforaphane has been proposed to modulate the metabolism of carcinogens, its mechanism of action remains poorly understood. We have previously demonstrated that sulforaphane inhibits the reinitiation of growth and decreases the cellular viability of quiescent human colon carcinoma cells (HT29). Moreover, the weak effect observed on differentiated CaCo2 cells suggests a specific anticancer activity for this compound.
Here we investigated the effect of sulforaphane on the growth and viability of HT29 cells during their exponentially growing phase. We observed that sulforaphane induced a cell cycle arrest in a dose-dependent manner, followed by cell death. This sulforaphane-induced cell cycle arrest was correlated with an increased expression of cyclins A and B1. Moreover, we clearly demonstrated that sulforaphane induced cell death via an apoptotic process. Indeed, a large proportion of treated cells display the following: (a) translocation of phosphatidylserine from the inner layer to the outer layer of the plasma membrane; (b) typical chromatin condensation; and (c) ultrastructural modifications related to apoptotic cell death. We also showed that the expression of p53 was not changed in sulforaphane-treated cells. In contrast, whereas bcl-2 was not detected, we observed increased expression of the proapoptotic protein bax, the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria to the cytosol, and the proteolytic cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. In conclusion, our results strongly suggest that in addition to the activation of detoxifying enzymes, induction of apoptosis is also involved in the sulforaphane-associated chemoprevention of cancer.
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S. J. T. Jackson and K. W. Singletary Sulforaphane: a naturally occurring mammary carcinoma mitotic inhibitor, which disrupts tubulin polymerization Carcinogenesis, February 1, 2004; 25(2): 219 - 227. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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A. V. Singh, D. Xiao, K. L. Lew, R. Dhir, and S. V. Singh Sulforaphane induces caspase-mediated apoptosis in cultured PC-3 human prostate cancer cells and retards growth of PC-3 xenografts in vivo Carcinogenesis, January 1, 2004; 25(1): 83 - 90. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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B.-R. Kim, R. Hu, Y.-S. Keum, V. Hebbar, G. Shen, S. S. Nair, and A-N. T. Kong Effects of Glutathione on Antioxidant Response Element-Mediated Gene Expression and Apoptosis Elicited by Sulforaphane Cancer Res., November 1, 2003; 63(21): 7520 - 7525. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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Y. Zhang, L. Tang, and V. Gonzalez Selected isothiocyanates rapidly induce growth inhibition of cancer cells Mol. Cancer Ther., October 1, 2003; 2(10): 1045 - 1052. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
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S. K. Srivastava, D. Xiao, K. L. Lew, P. Hershberger, D. M. Kokkinakis, C. S. Johnson, D. L. Trump, and S. V. Singh Allyl isothiocyanate, a constituent of cruciferous vegetables, inhibits growth of PC-3 human prostate cancer xenografts in vivo Carcinogenesis, October 1, 2003; 24(10): 1665 - 1670. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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J. H. Fowke, F.-L. Chung, F. Jin, D. Qi, Q. Cai, C. Conaway, J.-R. Cheng, X.-O. Shu, Y.-T. Gao, and W. Zheng Urinary Isothiocyanate Levels, Brassica, and Human Breast Cancer Cancer Res., July 15, 2003; 63(14): 3980 - 3986. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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S. Garattini New approaches to cancer therapy Ann. Onc., June 1, 2003; 14(6): 813 - 816. [Full Text] [PDF] |
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D. Xiao, S. K. Srivastava, K. L. Lew, Y. Zeng, P. Hershberger, C. S. Johnson, D. L. Trump, and S. V. Singh Allyl isothiocyanate, a constituent of cruciferous vegetables, inhibits proliferation of human prostate cancer cells by causing G2/M arrest and inducing apoptosis Carcinogenesis, May 1, 2003; 24(5): 891 - 897. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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T. K. Smith, R. Mithen, and I. T. Johnson Effects of Brassica vegetable juice on the induction of apoptosis and aberrant crypt foci in rat colonic mucosal crypts in vivo Carcinogenesis, March 1, 2003; 24(3): 491 - 495. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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J. Zhang, V. Svehlikova, Y. Bao, A.F. Howie, G. J. Beckett, and G. Williamson Synergy between sulforaphane and selenium in the induction of thioredoxin reductase 1 requires both transcriptional and translational modulation Carcinogenesis, March 1, 2003; 24(3): 497 - 503. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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S. S. Hecht, P. Upadhyaya, M. Wang, R. L. Bliss, E. J. McIntee, and P. M.J. Kenney Inhibition of lung tumorigenesis in A/J mice by N-acetyl-S-(N-2-phenethylthiocarbamoyl)-L-cysteine and myo-inositol, individually and in combination Carcinogenesis, September 1, 2002; 23(9): 1455 - 1461. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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