Chemoprevention of Breast Cancer in Rats by Celecoxib, a Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitor

Advances in Brief

Chemoprevention of Breast Cancer in Rats by Celecoxib, a Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitor¹

Randall E. Harris², Galal A. Alshafie, Hussein Abou-Issa and Karen Seibert

School of Public Health [R. E. H., G. A. A., H. A-I.], Comprehensive Cancer Center [R. E. H., H. A-I.], and Department of Surgery [H. A-I.], The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio 43210, and Searle Monsanto Research and Development, St. Louis, Missouri 63137 [K. S.]

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been observedto reduce the relative risk of breast cancer. This promptedour investigation of the chemopreventive potential of celecoxib,a specific cyclooxygenase 2 blocker, against mammary carcinogenesisinduced by 7,12-dimethyl-benz(a)anthracene in female Sprague Dawleyrats. Treatment with celecoxib was examined and compared to treatmentwith the general NSAID, ibuprofen, and to a control group receivingonly dimethylbenz(a)anthracene. Dietary administration of celecoxib(1500 ppm) produced striking reductions in the incidence, multiplicity,and volume of breast tumors relative to the control group (68%,86%, and 81%, respectively; P < 0.001). Ibuprofen also produced significanteffects, but of lesser magnitude (40%, 52%, and 57%, respectively;P < 0.001). These results help confirm the chemopreventiveactivity of NSAIDs against breast cancer and provide the firstevidence that a cyclooxygenase 2 blocking agent, celecoxib,possesses strong chemopreventive activity against mammary carcinogenesis.

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