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Laminin Isoforms 8 and 10 Are Primary Components of the Subendothelial Basement Membrane Promoting Interaction with Neoplastic Lymphocytes¹

Division for Experimental Oncology 2, National Cancer Institute CRO-IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy [P. S., Z. Y., A. Co., R. P.]; Institute of Anatomy and Pathology, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy [G. M.]; Department of Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, D-8400 Regensburg, Germany [R. D.]; The Beckman Research Institute, The City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010 [A. Ch.]; Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biomediche, University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy [A. Co.]; and Department of Evolutionary and Functional Biology, University of Parma, 43100 Parma, Italy [R. P.]

To determine whether subendothelial laminins (LNs) could be implicated in the extravasation of neoplastic lymphocytes, we have examined the distribution of a number of LN isoforms in human vascular structures of adult individuals and have assayed the ability of the isolated LN molecules to promote adhesion of lymphoma and leukemic cells in vitro using a novel cell adhesion assay, CAFCA, Centrifugal Assay for Fluorescence-based Cell Adhesion (E. Giacomello et al., Biotechniques, 26: 758–762, 1999; P. Spessotto et al., Methods Mol. Biol., 139: 321–343, 2000). The use of previously characterized LN chain-specific antibodies showed that the vast majority of the smaller vascular compartments, known to correspond to sites of lymphocyte transmigration, expressed the subunits involved in the structuring of 9 of the 12 LN isoforms known to date. Eight LN isoforms (i.e., LN-1, -2, -4, -5, -8, -9, -10, and -11) and four naturally occurring LN complexes were isolated from various tissues and cultured cells by combined gel filtration, ion exchange, and immunoaffinity chromatographies, and the identity/composition of the isolated LNs/LN complexes was asserted by immunochemical means and amino-acid sequencing. Notwithstanding the widespread colocalization of LN isoforms, a panel of neoplastic B- and T-cell lines and lymphocytes isolated from patients affected by chronic lymphocytic B-cell leukemia attached preferentially and with high avidity to purified LN-8, purified LN-10, and LN-10-containing protein complexes, whereas lymphocytes derived from patients diagnosed with acute lymphocytic leukemia failed to bind to these LNs. All of the tested neoplastic lymphocytes failed to adhere to the isolated LN-1, LN-4, LN-9, and LN-11 and attached moderately well to purified LN-2 and LN-5. The interaction of transformed lymphocytes with LNs was cation-dependent and interchangeably mediated by the ₃ß₁ and ₆ß₁ integrins. The degree of engagement of the two LN receptors was dependent upon their relative levels of cell surface expression, whereas, irrespective of the phenotype, lymphocytes deprived of either of these receptors were incapable of LN binding. The findings suggest that LN-8 and LN-10 may act in an independent or complementary fashion as primary components of the endothelial basement membrane favoring the interaction of extravasating neoplastic lymphocytes. Thus, our results would demonstrate that different LN isoforms may evoke diverse cellular responses in different cell types and that this divergence may be the basis for the redundancy of LN distribution in a number of vascular structures.

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