This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Belov, L. Articles by Christopherson, R. I. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Belov, L. Articles by Christopherson, R. I.

Immunophenotyping of Leukemias Using a Cluster of Differentiation Antibody Microarray¹

Departments of Biochemistry [L. B., O. d. l. V., R. I. C.] and Anatomy and Histology, Institute for Biomedical Research [C. G. d. R.], University of Sydney, NSW 2006, and Department of Hematology, Concord Hospital, Concord, NSW 2139 [S. P. M.], Australia

Different leukemias express on their plasma membranes particular subsets of the 247 defined cluster of differentiation (CD) antigens, which may resemble those of precursor cells along the lineages of differentiation to mature myeloid and lymphoid leukocytes. The extent of use of CD antigen expression (immunophenotyping) for identification of leukemias has been constrained by the technique used, flow cytometry, which commonly specifies only three CD antigens in any one assay. Currently, leukemias and lymphomas are diagnosed using a combination of morphology, immunophenotype, cytochemistry, and karyotype. We have developed a rapid, simple procedure, which enables concurrent determination of 50 or more CD antigens on leukocytes or leukemia cells in a single analysis using a microarray of antibodies. A suspension of cells is applied to the array, and cells only bind to antibody dots for which they express the corresponding CD antigen. For patients with significantly raised leukocyte counts, the resulting dot pattern then represents the immunophenotype of those cells. For patients at earlier stages of disease, the diagnosis depends on recognition of dot patterns distinct from the background of normal leukocytes. Distinctive and reproducible dot patterns have been obtained for normal peripheral blood leukocytes, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), hairy cell leukemia, mantle cell lymphoma, acute myeloid leukemia, and T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The consensus pattern for CD antigen expression found on CLL cells taken from 20 patients in descending order of cells bound was CD44, HLA-DR, CD37, CD19, CD20, CD5, CD52, CD45RA, CD22, CD24, CD45, CD23, CD21, CD71, CD11c, and CD9. The antigens that provided the best discrimination between CLL and normal peripheral blood leukocytes were CD19, CD20, CD21, CD22, CD23, CD24, CD25, and CD37. Results obtained for the expression of 48 CD antigens from the microarray compared well with flow cytometry. The microarray enables extensive immunophenotyping, and the intact cells captured on antibody dots can be further characterized using soluble, fluorescently labeled antibodies.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				X.-R. Yang, Y. Xu, B. Yu, J. Zhou, J.-C. Li, S.-J. Qiu, Y.-H. Shi, X.-Y. Wang, Z. Dai, G.-M. Shi, et al. CD24 Is a Novel Predictor for Poor Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Surgery Clin. Cancer Res., September 1, 2009; 15(17): 5518 - 5527. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Lal, A. Brown, L. Nguyen, F. Braet, W. Dyer, and C. dos Remedios Using Antibody Arrays to Detect Microparticles from Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients Based on Cluster of Differentiation (CD) Antigen Expression Mol. Cell. Proteomics, April 1, 2009; 8(4): 799 - 804. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				O. Gul, H. Basaga, and O. Kutuk Apoptotic blocks and chemotherapy resistance: strategies to identify Bcl-2 protein signatures Brief Funct Genomic Proteomic, February 18, 2008; (2008) eln002v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. R. Furman and J. P. Leonard Immunotherapy of B-cell malignancies: first MABs, now SMIPs Blood, October 1, 2007; 110(7): 2218 - 2218. [Full Text] [PDF]

				X. Zhao, R. Lapalombella, T. Joshi, C. Cheney, A. Gowda, M. S. Hayden-Ledbetter, P. R. Baum, T. S. Lin, D. Jarjoura, A. Lehman, et al. Targeting CD37-positive lymphoid malignancies with a novel engineered small modular immunopharmaceutical Blood, October 1, 2007; 110(7): 2569 - 2577. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Shangguan, Z. C. Cao, Y. Li, and W. Tan Aptamers Evolved from Cultured Cancer Cells Reveal Molecular Differences of Cancer Cells in Patient Samples Clin. Chem., June 1, 2007; 53(6): 1153 - 1155. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Alvarez, P. Saenz, D. Arteta, A. Martinez, M. Pocovi, L. Simon, and P. Giraldo Transcriptional Profiling of Hematologic Malignancies with a Low-Density DNA Microarray Clin. Chem., February 1, 2007; 53(2): 259 - 267. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Ellmark, J. Ingvarsson, A. Carlsson, B. S. Lundin, C. Wingren, and C. A. K. Borrebaeck Identification of Protein Expression Signatures Associated with Helicobacter pylori Infection and Gastric Adenocarcinoma Using Recombinant Antibody Microarrays Mol. Cell. Proteomics, September 1, 2006; 5(9): 1638 - 1646. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Fiume, I. Faenza, A. Matteucci, A. Astolfi, M. Vitale, A. M. Martelli, and L. Cocco Nuclear Phospholipase C {beta}1 (PLC{beta}1) Affects CD24 Expression in Murine Erythroleukemia Cells J. Biol. Chem., June 24, 2005; 280(25): 24221 - 24226. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. B. Haab Antibody Arrays in Cancer Research Mol. Cell. Proteomics, April 1, 2005; 4(4): 377 - 383. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Du, M. Wu, W. Yang, G. Yuan, Y. Sun, Y. Lu, S. Zhao, Q. Du, J. Wang, S. Yang, et al. Development of Miniaturized Competitive Immunoassays on a Protein Chip as a Screening Tool for Drugs Clin. Chem., February 1, 2005; 51(2): 368 - 375. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				I. M. Cristea, S. J. Gaskell, and A. D. Whetton Proteomics techniques and their application to hematology Blood, May 15, 2004; 103(10): 3624 - 3634. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. R. Kim, R. Manoukian, R. Yeh, S. M. Silbiger, D. M. Danilenko, S. Scully, J. Sun, M. L. DeRose, M. Stolina, D. Chang, et al. Transgenic overexpression of human IL-17E results in eosinophilia, B-lymphocyte hyperplasia, and altered antibody production Blood, September 18, 2002; 100(7): 2330 - 2340. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Mohr, G. D. Leikauf, G. Keith, and B. H. Rihn Microarrays as Cancer Keys: An Array of Possibilities J. Clin. Oncol., July 15, 2002; 20(14): 3165 - 3175. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]