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Epidemiology and Prevention |
Departments of Biostatistics and Epidemiology [T. R. R., Y. W.] and Medicine and Genetics [B. L. W.], University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Department of Adult Oncology [P. W. K., K. K., J. E. G., M. B.] and Lank Center for Genitourinary Cancer [P. W. K., K. K.], Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215; Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108 [S. L. N.]; Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111 [A. K. G., M. B. D.]; Women’s College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1N8, Canada [S. A. N., J-S. B., D. V.]; and Department of Preventive Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68179 [H. T. L.]
Women who have inherited a germ-line mutation in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 (BRCA1/2) genes have a greatly increased risk of developing breast cancer compared with the general population. However, there is also substantial interindividual variability in the occurrence of breast cancer among BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. We hypothesize that genes involved in endocrine signaling may modify the BRCA1/2-associated age-specific breast cancer penetrance. We studied the effect of alleles at the AIB1 gene using a matched case-control sample of 448 women with germ-line BRCA1/2 mutations. We found that these women were at significantly higher breast cancer risk if they carried alleles with at least 28 or 29 polyglutamine repeats at AIB1, compared with women who carried alleles with fewer polyglutamine repeats [odds ratio (OR), 1.59; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.03–2.47 and OR, 2.85; 95% CI, 1.64–4.96, respectively]. Late age at first live birth and nulliparity have been associated with increased breast cancer risk. We observed increases in BRCA1/2-associated breast cancer risk in women who were either nulliparous or had their first live birth after age 30 (OR, 3.06; 95% CI, 1.52–6.16). Women were at significantly increased risk if they were nulliparous or had a late age at first live birth and had AIB1 alleles no shorter than 28 or 29 or more AIB1 polyglutamine repeats (OR, 4.62; 95% CI, 2.02–10.56 and OR, 6.97; 95% CI, 1.71–28.43, respectively) than women with none of these risk factors. Our results support the hypothesis that pathways involving endocrine signaling, as measured through AIB1 genotype and reproductive history, may have a substantial effect on BRCA1/2-associated breast cancer risk.
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