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[Cancer Research 61, 5926-5932, August 1, 2001]
© 2001 American Association for Cancer Research

Tumor Biology

Ubiquitin/26S Proteasome-mediated Degradation of Topoisomerase I As a Resistance Mechanism to Camptothecin in Tumor Cells1

Shyamal D. Desai, Tsai-Kun Li, Alexandra Rodriguez-Bauman, Eric H. Rubin and Leroy F. Liu2

Department of Pharmacology, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854 [S. D. D., T-K. L., A. R-B., L. F. L.], and Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901 [E. H. R.]

Camptothecin (CPT) induces down-regulation of topoisomerase I (TOP1) via an ubiquitin/26S proteasome pathway. Studies using a panel of breast and colorectal cancer cell lines as well as primary nontransformed and oncogene-transformed cells have demonstrated that CPT-induced down-regulation exhibits a high degree of heterogeneity. In general, nontransformed cells are much more proficient in CPT-induced TOP1 down-regulation than their transformed counterparts. Among the breast and colorectal cancer cell lines, there was a general correlation between the extent of CPT-induced TOP1 down-regulation and CPT resistance. The breast cancer cell line ZR-75-1, the most sensitive to CPT, was completely defective in CPT-induced TOP1 down-regulation, whereas the breast cancer cell line BT474, the least sensitive to CPT, exhibited effective CPT-induced TOP1 down-regulation. The 26S proteasome inhibitor MG132 was shown to inhibit CPT-induced down-regulation of TOP1 in BT474 cells and selectively sensitized BT474 but not ZR-75-1 cells to CPT-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis. In the aggregate, these results suggest that CPT-induced down-regulation of TOP1 could be an important parameter for determining CPT sensitivity/resistance in tumor cells. Analysis of the levels of TOP1 cleavable complexes, SUMO-1-TOP1 conjugates, and ubiquitin-TOP1 conjugates in ZR-75-1 and BT474 cells has suggested that the heterogeneity of CPT-induced down-regulation of TOP1 in tumor cells is at least in part attributable to altered regulation of a process(es) downstream from the TOP1 cleavable complex.




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