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Tumor Biology |
Expression in Head and Neck Squamous Carcinoma and Inhibition by Anti-Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Treatments1
Laboratory of Oncology Research, Medical Oncology Service [J. Al., J. C-S., F. R., J. M. D. C., J. An., J. B.]; Centre de Transfusió i Banc de Teixits [S. S.]; Maxillofacial Surgery Service [G. R.]; Radiation Oncology Service [J. G.]; Epidemiology Service [J. R.]; and Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona [G. R., J. G., J. B.], Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona 08035, Spain; Tenovus Cancer Research Center, Department of Pharmacology, Welsh School of Pharmacy, University of Cardiff, Cardiff, CF13XF United Kingdom [R. I. N.]; and The University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030-4009 [J. M.]
The expression of the activated mitogen-activated kinases/extracellular
signal-regulatedkinases (ERKs) ERK1 and ERK2 was characterized in 101
humanhead and neck squamous carcinoma specimens. Activated
ERK1/2were detected at different levels in the majority of these tumors, as
assayed by immunostaining with an antibody specific for the dually
phosphorylated and activated ERK1 and ERK2. ERK1/2 activation levels
were higher in tumors with advanced regional lymph node metastasis
(P = 0.048) and in relapsed tumors
(P = 0.021). The expression of epidermal
growth factor (EGF) receptor (P = 0.037),
transforming growth factor 
(TGF-; P < 0.001), and HER2 (P = 0.066;
positive trend) correlated with activation of ERK1/2. In a multivariate
analysis, both TGF- (P < 0.0001) and
HER2 (P = 0.045) were independently
correlated with ERK1/2 activation. In turn, activation of ERK1/2 was
associated with a higher Ki-67 proliferative index
(P = 0.002). In EGF receptor-dependent
model cells (A431 and DiFi), a specific EGF receptor tyrosine kinase
inhibitor ("Iressa"; ZD1839) and a chimeric anti-EGF receptor
antibody ("Cetuximab"; C225) inhibited ERK 1/2 activation at
concentrations that inhibited autocrine cell proliferation. In patients
on treatment with C225, the activation of ERK1/2 in skin, an EGF
receptor-dependent tissue, was lower compared with control skin.
Parallel changes were seen in keratinocyte Ki67 proliferation indexes
in skin from C225-treated patients. Taken together, these studies
provide support for a role of activation of ERK1/2 in head and neck
squamous carcinoma and a correlation with EGF receptor/TGF-
expression. The inhibition of ERK1/2 activation in vitro
and in vivo by compounds targeting the EGF receptor
points to the interest of ERK1/2 as potential surrogate markers of
EGF-receptor signaling in clinical therapeutic studies.
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J. Mendelsohn Targeting the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor for Cancer Therapy J. Clin. Oncol., September 15, 2002; 20(90001): 1s - 13. [Full Text] [PDF]
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 M. S. Iordanov, R. J. Choi, O. P. Ryabinina, T.-H. Dinh, R. K. Bright, and B. E. Magun The UV (Ribotoxic) Stress Response of Human Keratinocytes Involves the Unexpected Uncoupling of the Ras-Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Signaling Cascade from the Activated Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mol. Cell. Biol., August 1, 2002; 22(15): 5380 - 5394. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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