| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
Tumor Biology |
Departments of Medicine [S. L. M., F. M. Y., R. B., C. L. A.], Cancer Biology [C. L. A.], Pathology [J. F. S.], and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center [C. L. A.], Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6307, and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 [S. K. M.]
Aberrrant signaling by the epidermal growth factor receptor [EGFR (HER1, erbB1)] and/or HER2/neu tyrosine kinases is present in a cohort of breast carcinomas. Because HER2 is constitutively phosphorylated in some breast tumors, we speculated that, in these cancers, transmodulation of HER2 may occur via EGFR signaling. To test this possibility, we examined the effect of EGFR-specific kinase inhibitors against the HER2-overexpressing human breast tumor lines BT-474, SKBR-3, MDA-361, and MDA-453. ZD1839 (Iressa) is an ATP-mimetic that inhibits the purified EGFR and HER2 kinases in vitro with an IC50 of 0.033 and >3.7 µM, respectively. The specificity of ZD1839 against EGFR was confirmed in Rat1 fibroblasts transfected with EGFR or HER2 chimeric receptors activated by synthetic ligands without the interference of endogenous receptors. Treatment of all breast cancer cell lines (except MDA-453) with 1 µM ZD1839 almost completely eliminated HER2 phosphorylation. In contrast, the incorporation of [
-32P]ATP in vitro onto HER2 receptors isolated from BT-474 cells was unaffected by 1 µM ZD1839. EGFR is expressed by BT-474, SKBR-3, and MDA-361 but not by MDA-453 cells, suggesting that ZD1839-mediated inhibition of the EGFR kinase explained the inhibition of HER2 phosphorylation in vivo. In SKBR-3 cells, ZD1839 exhibited a greater growth-inhibitory effect than Herceptin, a monoclonal antibody against the HER2 ectodomain. In both SKBR-3 and BT-474 cells, treatment with ZD1839 plus Herceptin induced a greater apoptotic effect than either inhibitor alone. Finally, ZD1839 completely prevented growth of BT-474 xenografts established in nude mice and enhanced the antitumor effect of Herceptin. These data imply that EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors will be effective against HER2-overexpressing breast tumor cells that also express EGFR and support their use in combination with HER2 antibodies, such as Herceptin, against mammary carcinomas with high levels of the HER2 proto-oncogene.
This article has been cited by other articles:
![]() |
S. T. Lee-Hoeflich, L. Crocker, E. Yao, T. Pham, X. Munroe, K. P. Hoeflich, M. X. Sliwkowski, and H. M. Stern A Central Role for HER3 in HER2-Amplified Breast Cancer: Implications for Targeted Therapy Cancer Res., July 15, 2008; 68(14): 5878 - 5887. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. L. Rowe, T. Ozbay, L. M. Bender, and R. Nahta Nordihydroguaiaretic acid, a cytotoxic insulin-like growth factor-I receptor/HER2 inhibitor in trastuzumab-resistant breast cancer Mol. Cancer Ther., July 1, 2008; 7(7): 1900 - 1908. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
H. L. Gomez, D. C. Doval, M. A. Chavez, P. C.-S. Ang, Z. Aziz, S. Nag, C. Ng, S. X. Franco, L. W.C. Chow, M. C. Arbushites, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Lapatinib As First-Line Therapy for ErbB2-Amplified Locally Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer J. Clin. Oncol., June 20, 2008; 26(18): 2999 - 3005. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
H. J. Burstein, A. M. Storniolo, S. Franco, J. Forster, S. Stein, S. Rubin, V. M. Salazar, and K. L. Blackwell A phase II study of lapatinib monotherapy in chemotherapy-refractory HER2-positive and HER2-negative advanced or metastatic breast cancer Ann. Onc., June 1, 2008; 19(6): 1068 - 1074. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Guix, N. de Matos Granja, I. Meszoely, T. B. Adkins, B. M. Wieman, K. E. Frierson, V. Sanchez, M. E. Sanders, A. M. Grau, I. A. Mayer, et al. Short Preoperative Treatment With Erlotinib Inhibits Tumor Cell Proliferation in Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancers J. Clin. Oncol., February 20, 2008; 26(6): 897 - 906. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. Massarweh, C. K. Osborne, C. J. Creighton, L. Qin, A. Tsimelzon, S. Huang, H. Weiss, M. Rimawi, and R. Schiff Tamoxifen Resistance in Breast Tumors Is Driven by Growth Factor Receptor Signaling with Repression of Classic Estrogen Receptor Genomic Function Cancer Res., February 1, 2008; 68(3): 826 - 833. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. L. Emanuel, T. V. Hughes, M. Adams, C. A. Rugg, A. Fuentes-Pesquera, P. J. Connolly, N. Pandey, S. Moreno-Mazza, J. Butler, V. Borowski, et al. Cellular and in Vivo Activity of JNJ-28871063, A Nonquinazoline Pan-ErbB Kinase Inhibitor That Crosses the Blood-Brain Barrier and Displays Efficacy against Intracranial Tumors Mol. Pharmacol., February 1, 2008; 73(2): 338 - 348. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P. M. Harari, G. W. Allen, and J. A. Bonner Biology of Interactions: Antiepidermal Growth Factor Receptor Agents J. Clin. Oncol., September 10, 2007; 25(26): 4057 - 4065. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. A. Ritter, M. Perez-Torres, C. Rinehart, M. Guix, T. Dugger, J. A. Engelman, and C. L. Arteaga Human Breast Cancer Cells Selected for Resistance to Trastuzumab In vivo Overexpress Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and ErbB Ligands and Remain Dependent on the ErbB Receptor Network Clin. Cancer Res., August 15, 2007; 13(16): 4909 - 4919. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
T. Lahusen, M. Fereshteh, A. Oh, A. Wellstein, and A. T. Riegel Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Phosphorylation and Signaling Controlled by a Nuclear Receptor Coactivator, Amplified in Breast Cancer 1 Cancer Res., August 1, 2007; 67(15): 7256 - 7265. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
F. Yamasaki, D. Zhang, C. Bartholomeusz, T. Sudo, G. N. Hortobagyi, K. Kurisu, and N. T. Ueno Sensitivity of breast cancer cells to erlotinib depends on cyclin-dependent kinase 2 activity Mol. Cancer Ther., August 1, 2007; 6(8): 2168 - 2177. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. P. Piechocki, G. H. Yoo, S. K. Dibbley, and F. Lonardo Breast Cancer Expressing the Activated HER2/neu Is Sensitive to Gefitinib In vitro and In vivo and Acquires Resistance through a Novel Point Mutation in the HER2/neu Cancer Res., July 15, 2007; 67(14): 6825 - 6843. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Jimeno, B. Rubio-Viqueira, M. L. Amador, V. Grunwald, A. Maitra, C. Iacobuzio-Donahue, and M. Hidalgo Dual mitogen-activated protein kinase and epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition in biliary and pancreatic cancer Mol. Cancer Ther., March 1, 2007; 6(3): 1079 - 1088. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
G. Schaefer, L. Shao, K. Totpal, and R. W. Akita Erlotinib Directly Inhibits HER2 Kinase Activation and Downstream Signaling Events in Intact Cells Lacking Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Expression Cancer Res., February 1, 2007; 67(3): 1228 - 1238. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Araujo, R. Ribeiro, I. Azevedo, A. Coelho, M. Soares, B. Sousa, D. Pinto, C. Lopes, R. Medeiros, and G. V. Scagliotti Genetic Polymorphisms of the Epidermal Growth Factor and Related Receptor in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer--A Review of the Literature Oncologist, February 1, 2007; 12(2): 201 - 210. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L. Toschi and F. Cappuzzo Understanding the New Genetics of Responsiveness to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Oncologist, February 1, 2007; 12(2): 211 - 220. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
E. A. Ariazi, R. J. Kraus, M. L. Farrell, V. C. Jordan, and J. E. Mertz Estrogen-Related Receptor {alpha}1 Transcriptional Activities Are Regulated in Part via the ErbB2/HER2 Signaling Pathway Mol. Cancer Res., January 1, 2007; 5(1): 71 - 85. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Perez-Torres, M. Guix, A. Gonzalez, and C. L. Arteaga Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Antibody Down-regulates Mutant Receptors and Inhibits Tumors Expressing EGFR Mutations J. Biol. Chem., December 29, 2006; 281(52): 40183 - 40192. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. Ono and M. Kuwano Molecular Mechanisms of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Activation and Response to Gefitinib and Other EGFR-Targeting Drugs Clin. Cancer Res., December 15, 2006; 12(24): 7242 - 7251. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
Y. Yan, Y. Lu, M. Wang, H. Vikis, R. Yao, Y. Wang, R. A. Lubet, and M. You Effect of an Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitor in Mouse Models of Lung Cancer Mol. Cancer Res., December 1, 2006; 4(12): 971 - 981. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
P.-H. Tseng, Y.-C. Wang, S.-C. Weng, J.-R. Weng, C.-S. Chen, R. W. Brueggemeier, C. L. Shapiro, C.-Y. Chen, S. E. Dunn, M. Pollak, et al. Overcoming Trastuzumab Resistance in HER2-Overexpressing Breast Cancer Cells by Using a Novel Celecoxib-Derived Phosphoinositide-Dependent Kinase-1 Inhibitor Mol. Pharmacol., November 1, 2006; 70(5): 1534 - 1541. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. Lanza-Jacoby, R. Burd, F. E. Rosato Jr., K. McGuire, J. Little, N. Nougbilly, and S. Miller Effect of Simultaneous Inhibition of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Cyclooxygenase-2 in HER-2/Neu-Positive Breast Cancer. Clin. Cancer Res., October 15, 2006; 12(20): 6161 - 6169. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. E. Wang, I. Shin, F. Y. Wu, D. B. Friedman, and C. L. Arteaga HER2/Neu (ErbB2) Signaling to Rac1-Pak1 Is Temporally and Spatially Modulated by Transforming Growth Factor {beta} Cancer Res., October 1, 2006; 66(19): 9591 - 9600. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. Massarweh, C. K. Osborne, S. Jiang, A. E. Wakeling, M. Rimawi, S. K. Mohsin, S. Hilsenbeck, and R. Schiff Mechanisms of Tumor Regression and Resistance to Estrogen Deprivation and Fulvestrant in a Model of Estrogen Receptor-Positive, HER-2/neu-Positive Breast Cancer Cancer Res., August 15, 2006; 66(16): 8266 - 8273. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. L. Arteaga Can Trastuzumab Be Effective Against Tumors With Low HER2/Neu (ErbB2) Receptors? J. Clin. Oncol., August 10, 2006; 24(23): 3722 - 3725. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L. Jerome, N. Alami, S. Belanger, V. Page, Q. Yu, J. Paterson, L. Shiry, M. Pegram, and B. Leyland-Jones Recombinant Human Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3 Inhibits Growth of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2-Overexpressing Breast Tumors and Potentiates Herceptin Activity In vivo. Cancer Res., July 15, 2006; 66(14): 7245 - 7252. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. A. Engelman and L. C. Cantley The Role of the ErbB Family Members in Non-Small Cell "Lung Cancers Sensitive to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Kinase Inhibitors". Clin. Cancer Res., July 15, 2006; 12(14): 4372s - 4376s. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C.-C. Wen, S.-A. Cheng, S.-P. Hsuen, Y.-L. Huang, Z.-K. Kuo, H.-F. Lee, C.-H. Kuo, J.-L. Du, and W.-B. Wang SV40 T/t-Common Polypeptide Specifically Induces Apoptosis in Human Cancer Cells that Overexpress HER2/neu Cancer Res., June 1, 2006; 66(11): 5847 - 5857. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L. Zhan, B. Xiang, and S. K. Muthuswamy Controlled Activation of ErbB1/ErbB2 Heterodimers Promote Invasion of Three-Dimensional Organized Epithelia in an ErbB1-Dependent Manner: Implications for Progression of ErbB2-Overexpressing Tumors. Cancer Res., May 15, 2006; 66(10): 5201 - 5208. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
M. S. Pino, M. Shrader, C. H. Baker, F. Cognetti, H. Q. Xiong, J. L. Abbruzzese, and D. J. McConkey Transforming Growth Factor {alpha} Expression Drives Constitutive Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Pathway Activation and Sensitivity to Gefitinib (Iressa) in Human Pancreatic Cancer Cell Lines. Cancer Res., April 1, 2006; 66(7): 3802 - 3812. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. Yang, Y. Liu, M. A. Lemmon, and M. G. Kazanietz Essential Role for Rac in Heregulin {beta}1 Mitogenic Signaling: a Mechanism That Involves Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Is Independent of ErbB4 Mol. Cell. Biol., February 1, 2006; 26(3): 831 - 842. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
G. E. Konecny, M. D. Pegram, N. Venkatesan, R. Finn, G. Yang, M. Rahmeh, M. Untch, D. W. Rusnak, G. Spehar, R. J. Mullin, et al. Activity of the Dual Kinase Inhibitor Lapatinib (GW572016) against HER-2-Overexpressing and Trastuzumab-Treated Breast Cancer Cells Cancer Res., February 1, 2006; 66(3): 1630 - 1639. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
W. Xia, J. Bisi, J. Strum, L. Liu, K. Carrick, K. M. Graham, A. L. Treece, M. A. Hardwicke, M. Dush, Q. Liao, et al. Regulation of Survivin by ErbB2 Signaling: Therapeutic Implications for ErbB2-Overexpressing Breast Cancers Cancer Res., February 1, 2006; 66(3): 1640 - 1647. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
I. Shin, T. Miller, and C. L. Arteaga ErbB Receptor Signaling and Therapeutic Resistance to Aromatase Inhibitors Clin. Cancer Res., February 1, 2006; 12(3): 1008s - 1012s. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
N. Normanno, M. Di Maio, E. De Maio, A. De Luca, A. de Matteis, A. Giordano, F. Perrone, and on behalf of the NCI-Naples Breast Cancer Group Mechanisms of endocrine resistance and novel therapeutic strategies in breast cancer Endocr. Relat. Cancer, December 1, 2005; 12(4): 721 - 747. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S Kurokawa, Y Arimura, H Yamamoto, Y Adachi, T Endo, T Sato, T Suga, M Hosokawa, Y Shinomura, and K Imai Tumour matrilysin expression predicts metastatic potential of stage I (pT1) colon and rectal cancers Gut, December 1, 2005; 54(12): 1751 - 1758. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Arora and E. M. Scholar Role of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., December 1, 2005; 315(3): 971 - 979. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
L. Albitar, L. L. Laidler, R. Abdallah, and K. K. Leslie Regulation of signaling phosphoproteins by epidermal growth factor and Iressa (ZD1839) in human endometrial cancer cells that model type I and II tumors Mol. Cancer Ther., December 1, 2005; 4(12): 1891 - 1899. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K. Stegmaier, S. M. Corsello, K. N. Ross, J. S. Wong, D. J. DeAngelo, and T. R. Golub Gefitinib induces myeloid differentiation of acute myeloid leukemia Blood, October 15, 2005; 106(8): 2841 - 2848. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
N. Normanno, M. Campiglio, F. Perrone, A. De Luca, and S. Menard Is the gefitinib plus trastuzumab combination feasible in breast cancer patients? Ann. Onc., October 1, 2005; 16(10): 1709 - 1709. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. Baselga, J. Albanell, A. Ruiz, A. Lluch, P. Gascon, V. Guillem, S. Gonzalez, S. Sauleda, I. Marimon, J. M. Tabernero, et al. Phase II and Tumor Pharmacodynamic Study of Gefitinib in Patients with Advanced Breast Cancer J. Clin. Oncol., August 10, 2005; 23(23): 5323 - 5333. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
H. A. Burris III, H. I. Hurwitz, E. C. Dees, A. Dowlati, K. L. Blackwell, B. O'Neil, P. K. Marcom, M. J. Ellis, B. Overmoyer, S. F. Jones, et al. Phase I Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Clinical Activity Study of Lapatinib (GW572016), a Reversible Dual Inhibitor of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinases, in Heavily Pretreated Patients With Metastatic Carcinomas J. Clin. Oncol., August 10, 2005; 23(23): 5305 - 5313. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
F. Cappuzzo, M. Varella-Garcia, H. Shigematsu, I. Domenichini, S. Bartolini, G. L. Ceresoli, E. Rossi, V. Ludovini, V. Gregorc, L. Toschi, et al. Increased HER2 Gene Copy Number Is Associated With Response to Gefitinib Therapy in Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Positive Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients J. Clin. Oncol., August 1, 2005; 23(22): 5007 - 5018. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
V. R. Fantin, M. J. Berardi, H. Babbe, M. V. Michelman, C. M. Manning, and P. Leder A Bifunctional Targeted Peptide that Blocks HER-2 Tyrosine Kinase and Disables Mitochondrial Function in HER-2-Positive Carcinoma Cells Cancer Res., August 1, 2005; 65(15): 6891 - 6900. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
R. J. Schilder, M. W. Sill, X. Chen, K. M. Darcy, S. L. Decesare, G. Lewandowski, R. B. Lee, C. A. Arciero, H. Wu, and A. K. Godwin Phase II Study of Gefitinib in Patients with Relapsed or Persistent Ovarian or Primary Peritoneal Carcinoma and Evaluation of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutations and Immunohistochemical Expression: A Gynecologic Oncology Group Study Clin. Cancer Res., August 1, 2005; 11(15): 5539 - 5548. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K. Kiguchi, L. Ruffino, T. Kawamoto, T. Ajiki, and J. DiGiovanni Chemopreventive and Therapeutic Efficacy of Orally Active Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Gallbladder Carcinoma Clin. Cancer Res., August 1, 2005; 11(15): 5572 - 5580. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
Y. Zhou and M. G. Brattain Synergy of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Kinase Inhibitor AG1478 and ErbB2 Kinase Inhibitor AG879 in Human Colon Carcinoma Cells Is Associated with Induction of Apoptosis Cancer Res., July 1, 2005; 65(13): 5848 - 5856. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S R D Johnston Clinical trials of intracellular signal transductions inhibitors for breast cancer -- a strategy to overcome endocrine resistance Endocr. Relat. Cancer, July 1, 2005; 12(Supplement_1): S145 - S157. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. A. Haas-Kogan, M. D. Prados, T. Tihan, D. A. Eberhard, N. Jelluma, N. D. Arvold, R. Baumber, K. R. Lamborn, A. Kapadia, M. Malec, et al. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor, Protein Kinase B/Akt, and Glioma Response to Erlotinib J Natl Cancer Inst, June 15, 2005; 97(12): 880 - 887. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
N Normanno, A De Luca, D Aldinucci, M R Maiello, M Mancino, A D'Antonio, R De Filippi, and A Pinto Gefitinib inhibits the ability of human bone marrow stromal cells to induce osteoclast differentiation: implications for the pathogenesis and treatment of bone metastasis Endocr. Relat. Cancer, June 1, 2005; 12(2): 471 - 482. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
S. E. Wang, F. Y. Wu, I. Shin, S. Qu, and C. L. Arteaga Transforming Growth Factor {beta} (TGF-{beta})-Smad Target Gene Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Receptor Type Kappa Is Required for TGF-{beta} Function Mol. Cell. Biol., June 1, 2005; 25(11): 4703 - 4715. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. Hirata, F. Hosoi, M. Miyagawa, S.-i. Ueda, S. Naito, T. Fujii, M. Kuwano, and M. Ono HER2 Overexpression Increases Sensitivity to Gefitinib, an Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, through Inhibition of HER2/HER3 Heterodimer Formation in Lung Cancer Cells Cancer Res., May 15, 2005; 65(10): 4253 - 4260. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
K. D. Miller, J. M. Trigo, C. Wheeler, A. Barge, J. Rowbottom, G. Sledge, and J. Baselga A Multicenter Phase II Trial of ZD6474, a Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, in Patients with Previously Treated Metastatic Breast Cancer Clin. Cancer Res., May 1, 2005; 11(9): 3369 - 3376. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. Baselga and C. L. Arteaga Critical Update and Emerging Trends in Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Targeting in Cancer J. Clin. Oncol., April 10, 2005; 23(11): 2445 - 2459. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
I. Shin, J. Edl, S. Biswas, P. C. Lin, R. Mernaugh, and C. L. Arteaga Proapoptotic Activity of Cell-Permeable Anti-Akt Single-Chain Antibodies Cancer Res., April 1, 2005; 65(7): 2815 - 2824. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
C. J. Fabian and B. F. Kimler Selective Estrogen-Receptor Modulators for Primary Prevention of Breast Cancer J. Clin. Oncol., March 10, 2005; 23(8): 1644 - 1655. [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
J. A. Engelman, P. A. Janne, C. Mermel, J. Pearlberg, T. Mukohara, C. Fleet, K. Cichowski, B. E. Johnson, and L. C. Cantley ErbB-3 mediates phosphoinositide 3-kinase activity in gefitinib-sensitive non-small cell lung cancer cell lines PNAS, March 8, 2005; 102(10): 3788 - 3793. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
D. B. Solit, Y. She, J. Lobo, M. G. Kris, H. I. Scher, N. Rosen, and F. M. Sirotnak Pulsatile Administration of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitor Gefitinib Is Significantly More Effective than Continuous Dosing for Sensitizing Tumors to Paclitaxel Clin. Cancer Res., March 1, 2005; 11(5): 1983 - 1989. [Abstract] |