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Experimental Therapeutics |
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755
Chemotherapeutic agents induce alterations in intracellular signal
transduction cascades that culminate in the initiation of the apoptotic
program. Here, the relationship between the mitogen-activated protein
kinase (MAPK) response and apoptosis in ML-1 cells treated with
vinblastine and paclitaxel was investigated. We show that these
compounds elicit different effects on MAPKs with
vinblastine, but not paclitaxel, increasing both
c-Jun-NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 activity. However,
vinblastine and paclitaxel both induced apoptosis with similar
kinetics, suggesting that increased JNK and p38 activity is not
required for apoptosis that is induced by microtubule interfering
agents. Strikingly, the abrogation of extracellular signal-regulated
kinase (ERK)-signaling by the MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK)1/2 inhibitor
PD098059 in combination with vinblastine robustly induced apoptosis in
ML-1 cells at a rate much faster than treatment with vinblastine alone
and occurred at all phases of the cell cycle. This apoptotic induction
was attributed to JNK activation because: (a)
non-JNK-activating concentrations of vinblastine failed to increase
apoptosis in the presence of PD098059; (b) apoptosis
induced by paclitaxel, which did not activate JNK, was not potentiated
by PD098059; and (c) transduction of an inhibitor of JNK
activity partially suppressed both JNK activity and apoptosis induced
by vinblastine plus PD098059. Additionally, we found that the
activation of JNK by vinblastine occurred upstream of effector caspase
activation because treatment with a pan-specific caspase inhibitor
(valine-alanine-aspartate-fluoromethylketone) resulted in
complete abrogation of apoptosis with no effect on MAPK signaling.
Taken together, these data suggest that inhibition of the MEK
ERK
signal transduction cascade alleviates cell cycle dependence for
vinblastine-induced apoptosis by a mechanism that requires JNK
activation.
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