This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Bok, R. A. Articles by Small, E. J. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Bok, R. A. Articles by Small, E. J.

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Urine Levels as Predictors of Outcome in Hormone-refractory Prostate Cancer Patients

A Cancer and Leukemia Group B Study¹

University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-0324 [R. A. B., M. A. S., E. J. S.]; CALGB Statistical Center, Durham, NC 27710 [S. H.]; Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080 [D. T. F., C. R. R.]; Georgetown University Medical Center, Lombardi Cancer Center, Washington, DC 20007 [D. F. H.]; University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637 [N. J. V.]; and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115 [P. K.]

Better prognostic markers are needed for hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC) patients. No single biochemical or clinical parameter can reliably predict patient response to therapy or rapidity of disease progression. Peptide factors involved in major cancer growth pathways, such as tumor angiogenesis, are attractive candidates as markers of low- and high-risk HRPC patients. We analyzed prospectively collected urine specimens from 100 of 390 HRPC patients undergoing therapy with the growth factor antagonist suramin as part of CALGB 9480. Levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) were assessed from day 1 of therapy (D1) and day 29 (D29) urine samples from this subset of 100 randomly selected patients. Growth factor levels were determined by standardized ELISA microtiter plate assays from a commercial (bFGF) or proprietary (VEGF) source. Pretreatment urine VEGF levels were predictive of survival. In univariate analysis, patients whose baseline urine VEGF level was 28 pg/ml (the median level) had an average survival of 17 months; those with baseline VEGF >28 pg/ml had a significantly shorter survival of 10 months (P = 0.024). This difference corresponded to a 60% increased risk of dying for the higher urine VEGF patients (hazard ratio, 1.62; P = 0.03) and remained significant in multivariate analysis (hazard ratio, 1.72, P = 0.02). No significant correlations between urine bFGF level or change in bFGF levels and survival were found. These results support the notion that certain peptide growth factor-mediated, mitogenic pathways are important in HRPC and that their levels can predict outcome.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				S. K. Chang, I. Rizvi, N. Solban, and T. Hasan In vivo Optical Molecular Imaging of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor for Monitoring Cancer Treatment Clin. Cancer Res., July 1, 2008; 14(13): 4146 - 4153. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Goldstein, O. Gofrit, A. Nyska, and S. Benita Anti-HER2 Cationic Immunoemulsion as a Potential Targeted Drug Delivery System for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer Cancer Res., January 1, 2007; 67(1): 269 - 275. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				E. J. Small, S. Halabi, P. Kantoff, A. D'Amico, W. Stadler, W. K. Kelley, J. Mohler, D. Bajorin, and N. J. Vogelzang Activities and accomplishments of the cancer and leukemia group B genitourinary committee. Clin. Cancer Res., June 1, 2006; 12(11): 3596s - 3600s. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Uemura, H. Ishiguro, Y. Nagashima, T. Sasaki, N. Nakaigawa, H. Hasumi, S. Kato, and Y. Kubota Antiproliferative activity of angiotensin II receptor blocker through cross-talk between stromal and epithelial prostate cancer cells Mol. Cancer Ther., November 1, 2005; 4(11): 1699 - 1709. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. J. George, S. Halabi, T. F. Shepard, B. Sanford, N. J. Vogelzang, E. J. Small, and P. W. Kantoff The Prognostic Significance of Plasma Interleukin-6 Levels in Patients with Metastatic Hormone-Refractory Prostate Cancer: Results from Cancer and Leukemia Group B 9480 Clin. Cancer Res., March 1, 2005; 11(5): 1815 - 1820. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				U. V. Wesley, M. McGroarty, and A. Homoyouni Dipeptidyl Peptidase Inhibits Malignant Phenotype of Prostate Cancer Cells by Blocking Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Signaling Pathway Cancer Res., February 15, 2005; 65(4): 1325 - 1334. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				W. M. Stadler, D. Cao, N. J. Vogelzang, C. W. Ryan, K. Hoving, R. Wright, T. Karrison, and E. E. Vokes A Randomized Phase II Trial of the Antiangiogenic Agent SU5416 in Hormone-Refractory Prostate Cancer Clin. Cancer Res., May 15, 2004; 10(10): 3365 - 3370. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. I. Rini, S. Halabi, J. Taylor, E. J. Small, and R. L. Schilsky Cancer and Leukemia Group B 90206: A Randomized Phase III Trial of Interferon-{alpha} or Interferon-{alpha} Plus Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Antibody (Bevacizumab) in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Clin. Cancer Res., April 15, 2004; 10(8): 2584 - 2586. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Uemura, H. Ishiguro, N. Nakaigawa, Y. Nagashima, Y. Miyoshi, K. Fujinami, A. Sakaguchi, and Y. Kubota Angiotensin II receptor blocker shows antiproliferative activity in prostate cancer cells: A possibility of tyrosine kinase inhibitor of growth factor Mol. Cancer Ther., November 1, 2003; 2(11): 1139 - 1147. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Halabi, E. J. Small, P. W. Kantoff, M. W. Kattan, E. B. Kaplan, N. A. Dawson, E. G. Levine, B. A. Blumenstein, and N. J. Vogelzang Prognostic Model for Predicting Survival in Men With Hormone-Refractory Metastatic Prostate Cancer J. Clin. Oncol., April 1, 2003; 21(7): 1232 - 1237. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. Cassinelli, C. Lanzi, R. Supino, G. Pratesi, V. Zuco, D. Laccabue, G. Cuccuru, E. Bombardelli, and F. Zunino Cellular Bases of the Antitumor Activity of the Novel Taxane IDN 5109 (BAY59-8862) on Hormone-refractory Prostate Cancer Clin. Cancer Res., August 1, 2002; 8(8): 2647 - 2654. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Sweeney, T. Karashima, S.-J. Kim, D. Kedar, B. Mian, S. Huang, C. Baker, Z. Fan, D. J. Hicklin, C. A. Pettaway, et al. Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 Antibody Reduces Tumorigenicity and Metastasis in Orthotopic Prostate Cancer Xenografts via Induction of Endothelial Cell Apoptosis and Reduction of Endothelial Cell Matrix Metalloproteinase Type 9 Production Clin. Cancer Res., August 1, 2002; 8(8): 2714 - 2724. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Zhang and A. C. Issekutz Down-Modulation of Monocyte Transendothelial Migration and Endothelial Adhesion Molecule Expression by Fibroblast Growth Factor : Reversal by the Anti-Angiogenic Agent SU6668 Am. J. Pathol., June 1, 2002; 160(6): 2219 - 2230. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]