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Hypermutability to Ionizing Radiation in Mismatch Repair-deficient, Pms2 Knockout Mice¹

Departments of Therapeutic Radiology and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8040 [X. S. X., L. N., B. D., P. M. G.], and Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon 97201-3098 [R. M. L.].

DNA mismatch repair (MMR) has been shown to play a role in the cytotoxicity of ionizing radiation (IR), as cell lines established from MMR-deficient mice exhibit higher clonogenic survival after IR than do cell lines from wild-type littermates. To test whether this tolerance phenotype would render MMR-deficient animals hypermutable to IR, we compared IR mutagenesis of Pms2-deficient versus wild-type transgenic mice carrying a shuttle vector for mutation detection. In Pms2 nullizygous animals, the mutation frequency in the supFG1 reporter gene was increased from 210 x 10^-5 in untreated animals to 734 x 10^-5 after 6 Gy of IR (an increase of 524 mutants per 10⁵), whereas the frequency in wild-type mice increased from 1.9 x 10^-5 to 10.2 x 10^-5 (an increase of only 8.3 mutants per 10⁵). Similarly, when the cII gene was used as a reporter, the mutation frequency in nullizygous mice was increased from 16.3 x 10^-5 to 42.3 x 10^-5 after IR (an increase of 26.0 x 10^-5), whereas the frequency in wild-type mice increased from 2.4 x 10^-5 to 9.4 x 10^-5 (an increase of only 7.0 x 10^-5). The pattern of IR-induced mutations in the MMR-deficient animals was notable for single bp deletions and insertions in mononucleotide repeat sequences, along with a slight increase in transversions. Overall, these results suggest that MMR-deficiency confers hypermutability to IR, and that much of this hypermutability can be attributed to induced instability of simple sequence repeats. Hence, MMR influences not only the survival but also the mutability of cells in response to IR.

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