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Carcinogenesis |
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205-2179 [R. K. T., K. H. M., S. S., T. W. K., S. B.], and Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance and Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8577 Japan [M. Y.]
Electrophiles formed during metabolic activation of chemical carcinogens and reactive oxygen species generated from endogenous and exogenous sources play a significant role in carcinogenesis. Cancer chemoprevention by induction of phase 2 proteins to counteract the insults of these reactive intermediates has gained considerable attention. Nuclear factor E2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a bZIP transcription factor, plays a central role in the regulation (basal and or inducible expression) of phase 2 genes by binding to the "antioxidant response element" in their promoters. Identification of novel Nrf2-regulated genes is likely to provide insight into cellular defense systems against the toxicities of electrophiles and oxidants and may define effective targets for achieving cancer chemoprevention. Sulforaphane is a promising chemopreventive agent that exerts its effect by strong induction of phase 2 enzymes via activation of Nrf2. In the present study, a transcriptional profile of small intestine of wild-type (nrf2 +/+) and knock out (nrf2 -/-) mice treated with vehicle or sulforaphane (9 µmol/day for 1 week, p.o.) was generated using the Murine Genome U74Av2 oligonucleotide array (representing
6000 well-characterized genes and nearly 6000 expressed sequence tags). Comparative analysis of gene expression changes between different treatment groups of wild-type and nrf2-deficient mice facilitated identification of numerous genes regulated by Nrf2 including previously reported Nrf2-regulated genes such as NAD(P)H:quinone reductase (NQO1), glutathione S-transferase (GST),
-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS), UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGT),epoxide hydrolase, as well as a number of new genes. Also identified were genes encoding for cellular NADPH regenerating enzymes (glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, and malic enzyme), various xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes, antioxidants (glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, ferritin, and haptaglobin), and biosynthetic enzymes of the glutathione and glucuronidation conjugation pathways. The data were validated by Northern blot analysis and enzyme assays of selected genes. This investigation expands the horizon of Nrf2-regulated genes, highlights the cross-talk between various metabolic pathways, and divulges the pivotal role played by Nrf2 in regulating cellular defenses against carcinogens and other toxins.
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V. Svehlikova, S. Wang, J. Jakubikova, G. Williamson, R. Mithen, and Y. Bao Interactions between sulforaphane and apigenin in the induction of UGT1A1 and GSTA1 in CaCo-2 cells Carcinogenesis, September 1, 2004; 25(9): 1629 - 1637. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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M. C. Myzak, P. A. Karplus, F.-L. Chung, and R. H. Dashwood A Novel Mechanism of Chemoprotection by Sulforaphane: Inhibition of Histone Deacetylase Cancer Res., August 15, 2004; 64(16): 5767 - 5774. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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R. Hu, V. Hebbar, B.-R. Kim, C. Chen, B. Winnik, B. Buckley, P. Soteropoulos, P. Tolias, R. P. Hart, and A.-N. T. Kong In Vivo Pharmacokinetics and Regulation of Gene Expression Profiles by Isothiocyanate Sulforaphane in the Rat J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., July 1, 2004; 310(1): 263 - 271. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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T. Yanagawa, K. Itoh, J. Uwayama, Y. Shibata, A. Yamaguchi, T. Sano, T. Ishii, H. Yoshida, and M. Yamamoto Nrf2 deficiency causes tooth decolourization due to iron transport disorder in enamel organ Genes Cells, July 1, 2004; 9(7): 641 - 651. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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Y. Zhang and G. B. Gordon A strategy for cancer prevention: Stimulation of the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway Mol. Cancer Ther., July 1, 2004; 3(7): 885 - 893. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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J.-M. Lee, K. Chan, Y. W. Kan, and J. A. Johnson Targeted disruption of Nrf2 causes regenerative immune-mediated hemolytic anemia PNAS, June 29, 2004; 101(26): 9751 - 9756. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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S. V. Singh, A. Herman-Antosiewicz, A. V. Singh, K. L. Lew, S. K. Srivastava, R. Kamath, K. D. Brown, L. Zhang, and R. Baskaran Sulforaphane-induced G2/M Phase Cell Cycle Arrest Involves Checkpoint Kinase 2-mediated Phosphorylation of Cell Division Cycle 25C J. Biol. Chem., June 11, 2004; 279(24): 25813 - 25822. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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W. H. M. Heijne, A. L. Slitt, P. J. van Bladeren, J. P. Groten, C. D. Klaassen, R. H. Stierum, and B. van Ommen Bromobenzene-Induced Hepatotoxicity at the Transcriptome Level Toxicol. Sci., June 1, 2004; 79(2): 411 - 422. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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B. G. Petrich, B. C. Eloff, D. L. Lerner, A. Kovacs, J. E. Saffitz, D. S. Rosenbaum, and Y. Wang Targeted Activation of c-Jun N-terminal Kinase in Vivo Induces Restrictive Cardiomyopathy and Conduction Defects J. Biol. Chem., April 9, 2004; 279(15): 15330 - 15338. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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S. Gebel, B. Gerstmayer, A. Bosio, H.-J. Haussmann, E. V. Miert, and T. Muller Gene expression profiling in respiratory tissues from rats exposed to mainstream cigarette smoke Carcinogenesis, February 1, 2004; 25(2): 169 - 178. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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A. V. Singh, D. Xiao, K. L. Lew, R. Dhir, and S. V. Singh Sulforaphane induces caspase-mediated apoptosis in cultured PC-3 human prostate cancer cells and retards growth of PC-3 xenografts in vivo Carcinogenesis, January 1, 2004; 25(1): 83 - 90. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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M.-K. Kwak, N. Wakabayashi, J. L. Greenlaw, M. Yamamoto, and T. W. Kensler Antioxidants Enhance Mammalian Proteasome Expression through the Keap1-Nrf2 Signaling Pathway Mol. Cell. Biol., December 1, 2003; 23(23): 8786 - 8794. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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D. D. Zhang and M. Hannink Distinct Cysteine Residues in Keap1 Are Required for Keap1-Dependent Ubiquitination of Nrf2 and for Stabilization of Nrf2 by Chemopreventive Agents and Oxidative Stress Mol. Cell. Biol., November 15, 2003; 23(22): 8137 - 8151. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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I. R. Jowsey, Q. Jiang, K. Itoh, M. Yamamoto, and J. D. Hayes Expression of the Aflatoxin B1-8,9-Epoxide-Metabolizing Murine Glutathione S-Transferase A3 Subunit Is Regulated by the Nrf2 Transcription Factor through an Antioxidant Response Element Mol. Pharmacol., November 1, 2003; 64(5): 1018 - 1028. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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S. A. Haas, M. Hild, A. P. H. Wright, T. Hain, D. Talibi, and M. Vingron Genome-scale design of PCR primers and long oligomers for DNA microarrays Nucleic Acids Res., October 1, 2003; 31(19): 5576 - 5581. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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E.M.J. van der Logt, H.M.J. Roelofs, F.M. Nagengast, and W.H.M. Peters Induction of rat hepatic and intestinal UDP-glucuronosyltransferases by naturally occurring dietary anticarcinogens Carcinogenesis, October 1, 2003; 24(10): 1651 - 1656. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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J.-M. Lee, A. Y. Shih, T. H. Murphy, and J. A. Johnson NF-E2-related Factor-2 Mediates Neuroprotection against Mitochondrial Complex I Inhibitors and Increased Concentrations of Intracellular Calcium in Primary Cortical Neurons J. Biol. Chem., September 26, 2003; 278(39): 37948 - 37956. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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K. J. Hintze, K. A. Wald, H. Zeng, E. H. Jeffery, and J. W. Finley Thioredoxin Reductase in Human Hepatoma Cells Is Transcriptionally Regulated by Sulforaphane and Other Electrophiles via an Antioxidant Response Element- J. Nutr., September 1, 2003; 133(9): 2721 - 2727. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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S. Srisuma, S. S. Biswal, W. A. Mitzner, S. J. Gallagher, K. H. Mai, and E. M. Wagner Identification of Genes Promoting Angiogenesis in Mouse Lung by Transcriptional Profiling Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., August 1, 2003; 29(2): 172 - 179. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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J. H. An and T. K. Blackwell SKN-1 links C. elegans mesendodermal specification to a conserved oxidative stress response Genes & Dev., August 1, 2003; 17(15): 1882 - 1893. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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M. McMahon, K. Itoh, M. Yamamoto, and J. D. Hayes Keap1-dependent Proteasomal Degradation of Transcription Factor Nrf2 Contributes to the Negative Regulation of Antioxidant Response Element-driven Gene Expression J. Biol. Chem., June 6, 2003; 278(24): 21592 - 21600. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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A. Y. Shih, D. A. Johnson, G. Wong, A. D. Kraft, L. Jiang, H. Erb, J. A. Johnson, and T. H. Murphy Coordinate Regulation of Glutathione Biosynthesis and Release by Nrf2-Expressing Glia Potently Protects Neurons from Oxidative Stress J. Neurosci., April 15, 2003; 23(8): 3394 - 3406. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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E. M. Ellis, C. M. Slattery, and J. D. Hayes Characterization of the rat aflatoxin B1 aldehyde reductase gene, AKR7A1. Structure and chromosomal localization of AKR7A1 as well as identification of antioxidant response elements in the gene promoter Carcinogenesis, April 1, 2003; 24(4): 727 - 737. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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J.-M. Lee, M. J. Calkins, K. Chan, Y. W. Kan, and J. A. Johnson Identification of the NF-E2-related Factor-2-dependent Genes Conferring Protection against Oxidative Stress in Primary Cortical Astrocytes Using Oligonucleotide Microarray Analysis J. Biol. Chem., March 28, 2003; 278(14): 12029 - 12038. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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M.-K. Kwak, N. Wakabayashi, K. Itoh, H. Motohashi, M. Yamamoto, and T. W. Kensler Modulation of Gene Expression by Cancer Chemopreventive Dithiolethiones through the Keap1-Nrf2 Pathway. IDENTIFICATION OF NOVEL GENE CLUSTERS FOR CELL SURVIVAL J. Biol. Chem., February 28, 2003; 278(10): 8135 - 8145. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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S. Allen, P. R. Heath, J. Kirby, S. B. Wharton, M. R. Cookson, F. M. Menzies, R. E. Banks, and P. J. Shaw Analysis of the Cytosolic Proteome in a Cell Culture Model of Familial Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Reveals Alterations to the Proteasome, Antioxidant Defenses, and Nitric Oxide Synthetic Pathways J. Biol. Chem., February 14, 2003; 278(8): 6371 - 6383. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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E. C. Pietsch, J. Y. Chan, F. M. Torti, and S. V. Torti Nrf2 Mediates the Induction of Ferritin H in Response to Xenobiotics and Cancer Chemopreventive Dithiolethiones J. Biol. Chem., January 17, 2003; 278(4): 2361 - 2369. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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