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[Cancer Research 62, 5947-5954, October 15, 2002]
© 2002 American Association for Cancer Research


Tumor Biology

PML Is a Target Gene of ß-Catenin and Plakoglobin, and Coactivates ß-Catenin-mediated Transcription1

Michael Shtutman2, Jacob Zhurinsky2, Moshe Oren, Elina Levina and Avri Ben-Ze’ev3

Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel

ß-Catenin and its close homologue plakoglobin ({gamma}-catenin) are major constituents of submembranal cell-cell adhesion sites. In addition, ß-catenin is a key component in the canonical Wnt pathway. Aberrantly activated ß-catenin signaling contributes to cancer progression by inducing [in complex with lymphocyte enhancer factor (LEF)/T-cell factor (TCF)] the transcription of proliferation-related genes such as cyclin D1 and c-myc. Plakoglobin can also activate LEF/TCF-mediated transcription. Excessive ß-catenin signaling in MEF triggers a p53-mediated antiproliferative response by inducing the expression of ARF. We have demonstrated previously that plakoglobin also exerts a tumor-suppressive effect in certain cancer cell lines. To identify genes induced by ß-catenin and plakoglobin, DNA microarray analysis was carried out, and PML was among those genes of which the expression was significantly elevated by both plakoglobin and ß-catenin. Activation of the PML promoter by ß-catenin and plakoglobin was LEF/TCF-independent. We found that PML forms a complex with ß-catenin in cells, and the two proteins colocalize in the nucleus. In addition, PML, p300, and ß-catenin cooperated in transactivation of a subset of ß-catenin-responsive genes including ARF and Siamois but not cyclin D1. Retroviral expression of ß-catenin, plakoglobin, or PML suppressed the tumorigenicity of p53-negative human renal carcinoma cells, thus pointing to a novel antioncogenic response triggered by catenins that is mediated by the induction of PML.




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