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Cancer Progression and Tumor Cell Motility Are Associated with the FGFR4 Arg³⁸⁸ Allele

Department of Molecular Biology, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany [J. B., Y. C., T. K., S. M., S. G., I. S., P. K., A. U.]; Departments of Pathology [D. P., H. H.] and Obstetrics and Gynecology [N. H., M. S.], Technical University of Munich, D-81675 Munich, Germany; Department of Pathology, Gesellschaft für Strahlenforschung, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany [K. S., H. H.]; The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, 200438 Shanghai, People’s Republic of China [H. W.]; N. N. Petrov Institute of Oncology, 189646 St. Petersburg, Russia [E. I., P. K.]; Medical Clinic Department IV, Eberhard-Karls-University of Tubingen, D-72076 Tubingen, Germany [H-U. H.]; and Department of Oncology, University of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy [S. I.]

Expression analysis of genes encoding components of the phosphotyrosine signaling system by cDNA array hybridization revealed elevated levels of FGFR4 transcripts in several mammary carcinoma cell lines. In the FGFR4 gene transcript from MDA-MB-453 mammary carcinoma cells, a G to A conversion was discovered that results in the substitution of glycine by arginine at position 388 in the transmembrane domain of the receptor. The Arg³⁸⁸ allele was also found in cell lines derived from a variety of other tumor types as well as in the germ-line of cancer patients and healthy individuals. Analysis of three geographically separated groups indicated that it occurs in approximately 50% of the human population. Investigation of the clinical data of 84 breast cancer patients revealed that homo- or heterozygous carriers of the Arg³⁸⁸ allele had a significantly reduced disease-free survival time (P = 0.01) within a median follow-up of 62 months. Moreover, the FGFR4 Arg³⁸⁸ allele was associated with early lymph node metastasis and advanced tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage in 82 colon cancer patients. Consistent with this finding, MDA-MB-231 mammary tumor cells expressing FGFR4 Arg³⁸⁸ exhibited increased motility relative to cells expressing the FGFR4 Gly³⁸⁸ isotype. Our results support the conclusion that the FGFR4 Arg³⁸⁸ allele represents a determinant that is innocuous in healthy individuals but predisposes cancer patients for significantly accelerated disease progression.

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